Anthro: Human Studying Essay

1. How do physical anthropologists use the scientific method? Give an example. 2. Create an appropriate question, hypothesis and test for the following observation: The right scapula (shoulder blade) tends to be larger than the left in humans. 3. Explain the difference between a theory and a hypothesis. Please provide an example for each. 4. Describe the major subfields in anthropology? Describe each in terms of what they study. 5. Compare and contrast Darwin’s theory of natural selection and Lamarck’s theory of acquired characteristics. How are they similar and dissimilar? 6. Many people argue that evolution is â€Å"just a theory†. Define theory and then describe how evolution does or does not fit the definition. 7. How is natural selection related to environmental factors? How can selective pressures change? Give an example (HINT- think of the peppered moths) 8. How do RNA and DNA differ in structure and function (purpose)? 9. Describe the structure of the DNA molecule in as much detail as possible. 10. Describe the nucleus and ribosomes as they relate directly to the process of protein synthesis (HINT- you’ll need to briefly explain protein synthesis to fully answer this question). 11. Explain why it is important that the end result of meiosis is different than the end result for mitosis. 12. It is true that all organisms (humans, animals, etc) have the same structure of their DNA as humans. Please explain then why we all don’t look the same, if we all have the same A, T, C and G’s in our body. 13. Discuss some possible medical outcomes of the human genome project. 14. Explain Mendel’s Principle of segregation. 15. Explain how two parents who do NOT express a particular trait in their phenotype can nevertheless produce children who express the trait. Please give a specific example where this could occur. 16. Describe how the trait Sickle Cell Anemia demonstrates DNA mutation, inheritance principles, and the stages of evolution. The stages of evolution can be remembered using this saying: Genes Mutate, Individuals are Selected, Populations Evolve. In your answer, please describe what initially caused Sickle Cell Anemia (NOT what it does in your body†¦but what originally brought it on- HINT- THINK DNA), how one can inherit it, and why we can’t get rid of the S allele. 17. Explain how founder’s effect can lead to a descendant population that differs greatly from its parent population over a relatively short period of time. 18. Is race a valid, biologically meaningful concept? Why or why not? 19. Discuss how adaptations to local environments have likely influences the evolution of skin color in different geographic regions of the world. 20. What is the difference between Allen and Bergmann’s rules? 21. What is the difference between an acclimatization and an adaptation? In your answer, please give an example for each. 22. How is lactose intolerance a good example of an adaptation? In your answer, please explain what lactose intolerance is, and why we see it only in certain population

Literature Essay: One Flew Over The Cuckoos Nest by K Kesey

It is suggested that Ken Kesey†s One Flew over the Cuckoo†s Nest contains examples of behaviour and attitudes displayed by characters within the clinical environment of the psychiatric ward which can be compared to behaviour found within contemporary American society. These include examples of leadership and hierarchy within a class or caste system, sexism and crime and punishment. In the text, the theme of leadership is very prominent and important to the story. Arguably it is more important theme of the book, than the issue of mental illness, which forms the setting and the core of the novel. The leader figure in the ward is Big Nurse, who has complete control over the ward. Any decisions that are made over a patient or with regards the running of the ward must go through Big Nurse first. She is seen by the Chief as being almost mechanical in her approach to her running of the ward: She†s got that bag full of a thousand parts she aims to use in her duties today-wheels and gears, cogs polished to a hard glitter†¦(10) The ward is run by her to a very strict daily routine, which is almost fanatically neurotic in it†s precision and dedication. Chief describes Big Nurse†s devotion to her daily routine: ‘The slightest thing messy or out of kilter in any way ties her into a little white knot of tight-smiled fury† (27) When McMurphy enters the ward, the delicate equilibrium which the nurse has created is upset. This is because, like the nurse, McMurphy is a natural leader-figure. He takes over the control of the ward by manipulating the patients; seemingly for their own good, but it may be argued that he gets a feeling a control from being a leader over a large group of people. This may be a feeling of control and power which has previously been absent in his life for some reason. We are told, early in the book, of McMurphy†s admission to the ward doctor about his conviction for raping a fifteen year old girl, and his unwillingness to acknowledge that he had committed a crime: ‘Said she was seventeen, Doc, and she was plenty willin†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ so willin†, in fact, I took to sowing my pants up† (40) This could also be argued for Big Nurse; What is her motive for her total dedication to the job? It is possible that she also relishes the feeling of control over the patients in her care which her job allows. She knows that she has absolute power over every patient in her ‘care†; The power to change any of her patient†s lives immediately wherever she might see fit. Such behaviour can also be seen in contemporary society in an environment such as a school; The school is a good example because it has a central leader in the position of the head teacher. The head teacher has full responsibility over every person within the school, and also sets the rules and regulations which everyone in that particular school must obey. If a member of the school breaks any of the rules, the head teacher will decide an appropriate punishment. While the head teacher is answerable to the Governing Board of the school, they still have the most ‘power† and authority over the school. It can also be shown within a large corporation with the position of a Managing Director. All other staff in the company are directly answerable to him. The Managing Director has the power to hire new staff, and also to make staff redundant. But, again, he is answerable to the owner of the company and perhaps the shareholders; so he can never have total power in his position This can be contrasted with Big Nurse; She is, in theory, answerable to the Management Board of the hospital, and even to the doctors who work on the ward. But she appears to have the most control over the daily running of the ward, as if she were senior to the doctors, even though, in fact, she is only a nurse. She seems to have total and complete authority over every person in the ward. The theme of leadership does not mirror the outside world very accurately, as in contemporary society a leader of a society or an organisation is almost always accountable to a person senior to him. This is not seen in the novel, as Big Nurse seems to be answerable to no one, in fact, it is arguable that everyone answers to her. A hierarchy or class system operates inside the ward which can be clearly seen throughout the course of the novel. Patients living within the ward are ‘classed† according to the state of their mental health or to the condition of which they suffer from. Chief describes the method of discriminating patients from one another: ‘Across the room from the Acutes are the Chronics†¦ Not in the hospital, these, to get fixed, but to keep them walking the streets†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (17) Patients are divided into two categories of Acutes & Chronics: Chronics are those patients who have a condition which is untreatable, â€Å"machines with flaws which cannot be repaired† (17) and can only be controlled with medical methods. They will spend the rest of their lives inside the ward of the hospital. Patients who are seen as being likely to recover from their illness, and will return to society. Acutes are those patients e.g. Harding, who are seen as being likely to recover from their illness, and will return to society. Chronics can either have full use of their bodies or can be again sub-categorised into Wheelers and Vegetables; Those whose movement is impaired to such an extent, they can only move by being pushed around in wheelchairs. Vegetables are patients who, through excessive ECT ‘Shock Shop† (18) or through the overperscription of tranquillising medications: ‘Ellis is a chronic came in an Acute and got fouled up bad when they overloaded him in the Shock Shop†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (18) When McMurphy enters the ward, he assumes the role of a leader over all of his fellow patients in the ward. McMurphy has a strong, intelligent character and so he is able to manipulate others who are more vulnerable than he is. An example of his manipulation is when he shows some playing cards with pornographic photographs on them to Cheswick: ‘I brought along my own deck†¦Fifty-two positions†. Cheswick is pop-eyed already†¦those cards don†t help his condition. (16) Personality types which can be seen in contemporary society can also be seen very clearly with regard to the characters in the ward setting: McMurphy†s character is a rebel character who hates authority and authoritative figures. This is, perhaps, why he clashes so fiercely with Big Nurse. Chief is the veteran of the ward. He has been there the longest, since the start of World War II, with the exception of Big Nurse. He has the mutual respect of everyone in the ward. Billy Bibbit is insecure and has a stutter. His name is ironic in that it resembles a stutter when said. His problems have probably been caused by his overbearing mother, who was very protective and spoke for him whenever possible. In a large group of individuals, these personalities are often seen; A rebel character who goes against the system is almost always present in a class inside a school; A veteran who has gained the respect of everyone in that particular grouping; A person who is lacking in confidence, often reluctant to speak out. Today, in contemporary society, a class system is still very much a part of everyday life. People are classed on wealth, status and employment. Discrimination can also exist between classes; lower classes finding higher classes snobbish and elitist; higher classes perhaps seeing lower classes as ‘common† and uneducated. The book mirrors hierarchy in contemporary society very well, as it shows different personality types and differentiates between the different classes of people within it very clearly and accurately. However, it does not show discrimination between the different classes which exists today in contemporary society and is quite important to the structure of modern societies. The issues of Sexism and Sexuality are also raised within the book. Although they do not feature so prominently as the themes of Leadership and Hierarchy, they are nevertheless very important to the behaviour of the characters. Taking the theme of sexism in the text, women are placed into two distinct stereotypical types. They are portrayed as either whores, sluts or nymphomaniac wives; or the book goes to the other extreme where women are held as asexual ‘machines†. This view is very important when referring to Big Nurse. The prostitutes that appear during McMurphy†s fishing trip are a good example of the first way the book describes women. They are shown as amoral, trivialising sex so that it is seen only as a meaningless business transaction. It is also made clear of the loss of McMurphy†s at the age of nine: ‘The first girl ever drug me to bed wore that same dress. I was about ten†¦Taught me how to love, bless her sweet ass (201)† Ruckly†s wife is another example of this such view of women as adulteresses. Ruckly has had an unsuccessful lobotomy, making him rather mentally unstable. The text portrays him very sympathetically, so the reader empathises with his character from the outset: ‘They brought him back to the ward two weeks later†¦you can see by his eyes how they burned him up in there† (18) Ruckly had found out that his wife had been seeing other men; Every time she is mentioned he remembers what she did to him: ‘Memory whispers someplace in that jumbled machinery†¦He turns red and veins clog up†¦Fffffffuck da wife! Ffffffuck da wife!† (19) This is not the only unfavourable way women are portrayed in the novel. Big Nurse is shown as a hardened and rather sterile asexual character. ‘ ‘A mistake was made in manufacturing, putting those big, womanly breasts on her†¦and you can she how bitter she is for it† (11) Whenever she is described by Chief, her attributes are likened to a piece of machinery which is cold and unfeeling. It appears that she is so dedicated to the ward that she is ‘married† to the job and sexual relationships have no place in her ‘plan†. It is arguable that this is why she becomes so enraged when she discovers McMurphy†s relations with the prostitutes towards the end of the book. Today, in contemporary society, the view sometimes is still held that women inferior to men. They can be seen as incapable of carrying out work, and should stay at home to look after the children. Although the advent of feminism has almost vanquished these ‘male chauvinist† attitudes, women can still be stereotyped as above; as whores or nymphomaniacs or, like Big Nurse; ‘frigid†, asexual and cold. It can be seen, thus, the text of One Flew over the Cuckoo†s Nest shows sexism in contemporary society accurately. Finally, the issues of crime and punishment are raised throughout the book and are very important from the outset and ultimately to the ending of the story. The ward, like the society outside, is run on a system of sanctions and rewards which are allocated according to a patient†s behaviour. Punishments may be issued, by Big Nurse, for unwillingness to co-operate with the daily routine or with the staff. Punishments included ECT , the removal of privileges such as cigarettes or more serious, repeat offenders as a last resort, a lobotomy. A patient could also be sent to Disturbed, in effect a ‘hospital within a hospital† where a patient could be sent to recover from an outburst and they will return to the ward when Big Nurse sees fit. A lobotomy is a surgical procedure in which the pre-frontal lobes of the brain are either removed or destroyed. This was thought to pacify aggressive patients, but in practise, it transformed them into inactive individuals: â€Å"The installations they do these days are usually successful†¦a success they say†¦like Ruckly fumbling and drooling all over his picture† (18-19) Rewards were also issued to by the establishment of the ward; Patients were give a ‘ration† of cigarettes every week, but this was stopped when McMurphy arrived in the ward as he used to win the others† cigarettes from them in gambling card games. It is arguable that the security of the hospital could be seen as a reward. Patients, who through the result of their ‘mental illness † could not cope in the outside world and require the constant daily routine to feel secure and safe. Contemporary society has a system of rules, laws and legislations which must be followed to be a member of that society. Society also has the power, like the ward to issue sanctions for those who break the rules. Although many countries have abolished the use of corporal or capital punishment for serious crimes, North America is one such a country where, depending on the state, a person may face capital punishment by lethal injection, electric chair or gas chamber. The ward applies corporal punishment in the form of the ECT and it may be argued that a lobotomy is a form of capital punishment because the patient has little or no quality of life left after the procedure, so they might as well have been killed. Ken Kesey†s One Flew Over The Cuckoo†s Nest mirrors, in the behaviour of it†s characters, contemporary society very accurately and can still be relied on, as a contemporary text, an accurate display of the treatment of patients within a mental hospital today.

Theme of Escape in The Glass Menagerie Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Theme of Escape in The Glass Menagerie - Essay Example I traveled around a great deal †¦ I would have stopped, but I was pursued by something† (VII, 237). That something turns out to be the images and sounds of the sister he left behind. While Tom is now a member of the merchant marine and an accomplished traveler, living out the internal dreams of his youth in a way he had never thought possible, this outward show of personal dream fulfillment is revealed as little more than an illusion of its own. In truth, Tom’s heart remains trapped within the small apartment he shared with his mother and sister. Amanda attempts to live vicariously through her daughter and the future she envisions for her but is constantly disappointed. She indicates girls in her time â€Å"knew how to entertain their gentleman callers. It wasn’t enough for a girl to be possessed of a pretty face and a graceful figure – although I wasn’t slighted in either respect. She also needed to have a nimble wit and a tongue to meet all occasions† (I, 148). She continues to encourage Laura to hold out hopes for a good marriage. This starts with her own recitation of the quality of her suitors, â€Å"My callers were gentlemen – all! Among my callers were some of the most prominent young planters of the Mississippi Delta – planters and sons of planters† (I, 148). Yet this future based on the past will never happen. Laura is the only character permitted to live almost totally removed from the real world through her glass figures and old records. Laura’s habit of escaping backwards into childhood can be traced as she first dropped out of high school because she â€Å"made bad grades on my final examinations† (VII, 219) and then dropped out of business school: â€Å"I couldn’t go back there. I – threw up – on the floor!† (II, 155). She escapes instead into a romanticized world of early childhood. Her options have become

History of Policing in America Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

History of Policing in America - Essay Example However, as colonies shifted into towns, as well as towns into big cities, the Justice of the Peace organization was not sufficient. It was time for a well structured and salaried police service unit. Nevertheless, during that time, there were no policewomen. Boston initiated Night Watch in the early 1600s, which worked logically well in areas where the settlers embraced a rural culture, as well as an agrarian lifestyle (London, 2006). New York City, on the other hand, in 1651, set up the Shout and Rattle Watch, but, in 1705, Philadelphia thought that it was necessary to split the city into ten patrol regions. This was, in reality, the first stab in the United States at "controlled law enforcement" as it was worth the effort (London, 2006). Sometime between the Civil Wars and Revolutionary, the over-rapid increase of industrialization and population in the United States mandated the development of metropolitan police departments. Philadelphia, in 1833, prepared an independent, 24/7 watch squad (London, 2006). In 1844, New York, in 1844, maintained two police units, one unit worked during the day and the other one took their shift at night. During this time, police departments were run by police chiefs, chosen and answerable to political bosses inharmoniously comparable to what was observed in the black and white police films of the 1950s. Corruption ran out of control. Another law enforcement technique that American inherited from Britain was The Sheriff System. As America migrated west, in a majority frontier townships, the sheriff was the main law enforcement officer (London, 2006). He could be hired from the local community, or more regularly a Sheriff was elected by his repute and the gloomier the representative, th e more likely he was to be selected.  

Analysis of determinate trusses Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Analysis of determinate trusses - Coursework Example (Provided the whole truss is in equilibrium, the two parts that have been cut must also be in equilibrium. This results to three equilibrium equations which can be applied to either of the two parts to determine the forces of the members at the section that have been cut. Always assume that the unknown member forces at the cut section are in tension. By doing this, the numerical solution of the equilibrium equation will yield positive scalars for members in tension an negative scalars for members in compression (Dr. G.Saravana Kumar 1) Truss analysis using this method is simplified if members supporting no load are identified. These members maybe be in the truss for stability purposes. They are also used to provide support to the truss if the applied load is changed. From figure 1.0, the members at C are connected together perpendicularly and there is no external force at the joint. The free body diagram at C shows that the force in each truss ember should be zero for equilibrium to be maintained. This method deals with graphical representation of equilibrium for each joint (Asst. Prof. Dr. Cenk Ustundug â€Å"Theory of Structures). This method unifies all the forces resulting the graphical equilibrium of each and every joint into one force. From one vector end, a line parallel to the direction of one of the two forces is drawn, while from the other end a second line parallel to the other direction is drawn. ( Asst. Prof. Dr. Cenk Ustundug â€Å"Theory of Structures

Critical Anaysis of The Stranger by Albert Camus Essay

Critical Anaysis of The Stranger by Albert Camus - Essay Example The sun is the motif of the novel, where it affects the personality of Meursault and his reaction to his setting and conditions in life. The sun represents the existentialist philosophy of Meursault, where the natural absurdity of the setting and its plot are designed to illustrate that detachment is a natural response to the meaninglessness of human existence. The sun stands for the existentialist philosophy of Meursault, a philosophy that Camus himself believes in. Christian argues that Camus believes in an existentialist philosophy of â€Å"the Absurd† (92). He stresses that for Camus, the world and man per se are not absurd, and instead, the relationship of man with his environment is absurd (92). He maintains that people demand things from a world that cannot fulfill them, and so to exist with true hope for the fulfillment of dreams is â€Å"absurd† (92). Meursault lives life like a sun, where to exist is to accept whatever happens without any attachment to them. H e has an extremely disconnected attitude towards his mother’s death, for instance. He says at the beginning of the novel: â€Å"MOTHER died today. Or, maybe, yesterday; I can’t be sure† (Camus 4). He does not care for details when it comes to death. He values his mother enough to attend her funeral, but he does it out of duty, as a son. He does not even peek into his mother’s coffin, which people in the funeral find troubling. Strangers cry for her, while her own son does not even shed a tear. In addition, Meursault is not overly concerned of the prospect of dying himself. Death is not something that can stir him from his realization that nothing in life is worth pouring his passion over. His existence has come from nothing and will end up as nothing and that is the way life is. The sun heats up the setting and melts away any possible meaning in human action and agenda. The sun is a natural element of life’s natural cycle. The blackness of the fune ral of Meursault’s mother is distinguished because of the sun. Meursault, nevertheless, finds no meaning in these rituals and beliefs about the dead. The black colors of the hearse and horse and the noxious scents of the environment only serve to dull Meursault’s senses. In short, the funeral makes him want to sleep it away. Blackness means nothing, while sleeping is something that is more directly experienced. Furthermore, the sun also increases the temperature enough to make people live without concern for their actions. Meursault tumbles in his life in a state of coma and existence, because he always feels hot and uncomfortable. He wants to hurry up the funeral, because he feels the physical discomfort of standing under the sun. The Marengo landscape is illustrated as â€Å"something inhuman, discouraging† (Camus 11). Camus indicates that Meursault cannot be completely blamed for his absurdist approach to life, because his environment is disconcerting too. Vo n Dehsen calls it the â€Å"unreasonable silence of the world† to people who want to find meaning in life (39). Meursault realizes that his boss dislikes the fact that he will have several days off. His boss is only after making more money from his employees and is not truly concerned for him to attend his mother’s funeral and go over his grief. The society is not concerned of meaningful human existence too. Meursault’s relationships are important events in his life, as the plot reveals, but he

Introduction to National Response Framework Essay

Introduction to National Response Framework - Essay Example The fire dispatch and police centers were rendered inaccessible by floods in affected areas like New Orleans. In the event of a disaster, incident command structures provide the chance for local agencies’ officials to control response operations, learn about the magnitude of the problem, manage assets, and also to prompt assistance from State administration. In the absence of any incident command structure, it becomes impossible for local emergency response leaders to effectively direct their efforts or issue any command on local operations. All communication apparatus, including safety radio calls and 911 worked properly prompting people to communicate via written papers placed on bottles and dropping them from aircrafts. The officials of local emergency response agencies could not locate any command structures operating normally under the tumult. There was complete communication infrastructure breakdown, which completely jeopardized the efforts of local emergency response agencies. The roads were all out of place, which made it more difficult to ensure effect response to the disast er. The need for Federal Government to enhance its ability to swiftly and effectively collect environmental information and supply local agencies with adequate data remains imperative for effective disaster

Foundations of Finance and Financial Management Assignment

Foundations of Finance and Financial Management - Assignment Example 4) There could be multiple reasons why this "free rating" would have angered the issuer of bonds. It could be because that the rating company is not familiar with the firm policies and has not taken into account some of the necessary information that would have given a completely different angle or picture to the bond rating. Similarly, the rating published by this company could have "put-off" some of the potential investors from investing into these bonds and hence the issuer of the bonds would have lose some of the potential money that they could have borrowed by issuing bonds. 2) The logic behind this model is that dividend grows at a constant rate in perpetuity. By perpetuity we mean that the dividend payments will continue forever and hence the value of stock will be equal to next year's dividend divided by required rate of return minus assumed dividend growth. 3) There are multiple reasons for that. The first reason is those preferred stockholders have a immediate claim on company's profit which is before the real owners of the company- ordinary stockholder. Similarly, the dividend percentage is fixed and if the company cannot pay it in the current year, it will have to pay it in the future.

18 kids were right all along Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

18 kids were right all along - Essay Example While he has a point that high school can be boring and repetitive in the final two years, Melcher fails to adequately take into account the possibilities available to students in high school to keep them interested, the problem of maturity level of students and misses perhaps the strongest argument in favor of his position, the school system established in England. Students who have planned their education well are capable of graduating from high school as many as two years earlier than normal now thanks to specialized advanced level classes and limited electives. However, many of these students opt to remain in school longer as a means of further exploring other interests, beginning the difficult process of selecting an appropriate career by discovering interests and ruling out others. Other programs, such as dual credit courses and vocational courses, serve to continue high school students’ interest even further. For those who are bored with school, just a little application enables them to leave earlier as Melcher suggests. Teenagers aged 15 or 16 are notoriously confident of their own maturity level and abilities to their own delusion. In addition, they are provided with a driver’s license and often a vehicle at this age, giving them unprecedented freedom and range. Should they be turned loose on the streets at this point, without even a class to attend, it is difficult to say what they might do. Some very few would undoubtedly continue their education with a view toward their future, but too many, without further guidance or other guidelines put in place, would simply go wild. This is, indeed, a problem among the poorer segments of the urban population in England and elsewhere where school is optional after age 16. Finally, Melcher neglects to mention the strongest argument in favor of his position. England, for example, has a school

The Impact of the Dred Scott Decision on Slavery in U.S. Territories Research Paper

The Impact of the Dred Scott Decision on Slavery in U.S. Territories - Research Paper Example The North and the South had an opposing opinion of slavery. Hostilities and violence were the only way to resolve the problem.i Dred Scott was not able to witness the abolition of slavery. Even so, his determined and fearless struggle for freedom greatly contributed to the ultimate end of slavery. The consequences of the Dred Scott case were experienced by all U.S. territories. For northern territories the decision was very much troubling because it suggested that a legal mechanism by which a territory could put a stop to the establishment of a system of slavery was absent. For southern territories the decision was a stroke of luck that established the legality of slavery and apparently resolved all issues about the legitimacy of the expansion of slavery.ii Only a small number of trials had ever stimulated such a scale of public interest. Due to the Dred Scott decision, the principles of Popular Sovereignty—a doctrine which stipulated that a territory could make a vote whether or not slavery would be lawful-- and Missouri Compromise—an Act that limited slavery to territories located south of the 39th parallel-- became hence null and void.iii Slavery was given the right to expand to all U.S. territories. ... ssible followers to reconstruct society according to its will, and neither the Congress nor the President was primed to provide a strong support for the Court’s decision. However, many thought that legislative branch possessed the authority to restrict the establishment of the system of slavery into other U.S. territories, but the resolution of the Court had definitely blurred the political system. The nation was yet to understand the consequences of the Dred Scott resolution when the elections and campaigns carried out all over the nation in 1858 created a setting for political dialogue on the issue of slavery. This dialogue was most remarkable in the sequence of debates performed in Illinois where contender Abraham Lincoln and Senator Stephen Douglas talked about the major concerns at the time. Douglas, as one of the key supporters of the principle of popular sovereignty, had to take advantage of the debates to justify how this principle could remain existent as regards to t he Dred Scott decision. On the other hand, for Lincoln, who was a somewhat obscure political personality, the media exposure of these debates raised him as a talented orator on behalf of those who aspired to prevent the expansion of slavery into other U.S. territories.iv Although Douglas would in the end achieve another term as senator, it was Lincoln who gained the highest achievement from the debates, for his arguments became very popular and his reputation more well-known. Lincoln, two years later, would run as a presidential candidate. As Douglas and Lincoln discussed the issues of the time, their struggles echoed the nation’s disposition—a society that remained enthusiastic to talk about diplomatically the political issues the influenced national affairs.v Northern and Southern

Key Sectors of Economic Growth in Kenya Essay Example for Free

Key Sectors of Economic Growth in Kenya Essay Economic growth is the increase in the amount of the goods and services produced by an economy over time. It is conventionally measured as the percent rate of increase in real gross domestic product i.e. real GDP. In Kenya the key main sectors to achieve economic growth are agriculture which is the mainstay economic growth drivers, energy sector, manufacturing and industry, service sector which is mainly tourism, financial services and banking and also the private sector. All of these sectors are in line with the Kenya Vision 2030, the economic pillar. The key sectors are as discussed below: 1. AGRICULTURE: Agriculture has been the key factor of economic growth of Kenyan economy. It continues to be the key factor that will drive the economic growth of Kenya as it contributes to about 24% of Growth Domestic Product. And for this reason the government should increase budgetary allocation to the agricultural sector up from the Kshs 53.5 billion allocated in National Budget 2012/201 so as to be in line with the Maputo Declaration which requires the budget allocation to agriculture to be atleast 10% of total Government budgets and The government should also subsidize the farm inputs such as fertilizers for the farmers, this will maximize production. Livestock farming also has to be considered. If the government increases funding to the agricultural sector, such occurrences as food shortages, seasonal inflation and unemployment would be curbed if not avoided. Agricultural sector which includes; †¢Livestock sector and dairy farming: The livestock sector provides employment opportunities while also increases income. Kenya exports from hides and skins for leather industry earned Kshs 4 billion. Also reforms need to be made on the Kenya Meat Commission. †¢Fisheries: Kenya earns around Kshs 4 billion from this sector. The sector also employs about 60000 people and also over half a million people depend on this sector for livelihood through trading and fish processing thus thee number of fish processing plants should be increased. 2. TOURISM SECTOR: The service sector of Kenya contributes 63% of Growth Domestic Product and it’s mainly tourism industry which is the country’s principal source of foreign exchange thus the government. The tourism industry along with the government has to take steps to address the security problem and to reverse negative publicity especially after the post-Election Violence of 2007 following disputed General Elections. Such steps among others should include establishing a tourist police and launching marketing campaigns in key tourist origin markets. Former minister of Tourism Najib Balala ran such campaigns in CNN. 3. ENERGY SECTOR: The energy sector an important sector to drive the smooth growth of the economy hence there is need for the Government to put up measures that would help the sector to grow thereby, contributing to the growth of the economy as the sector is depended on by manufacturing and industrial sector and also the agricultural sector. There exists limited power generation and transmission capacity in the country. This is caused by lack of adequate investment in power systems and infrastructure development. This combined with rapid economic growth, new customer connections and unreliable rainfall patterns have caused the current electricity shortage in Kenya. Though Kenya is not natural resource endowed, the natural resources the country can boast of for energy generation are small hydro, geothermal, coal, biogas, tidal waves, solar, wind and recently the oil exploration in Turkana. The government needs to invest heavily in the energy sector so that there is no over reliance on Hydro power. The government should implement a policy to attract private sector investments in the energy sector i.e. the Kenya Private Sector Power Generation Support Project. In doing so it will boost economic growth and in job creation. 4. INDUSTRY AND MANUFACTURING SECTOR: Kenya boast of being the industrialized country in East Africa, the manufacturing sector contributes to about 15% of Growth domestic Product, this percentage doesn’t as the manufacturing sector is hampered by high energy costs, shortages of hydro telemetric power, poor infrastructure and counterfeits products i.e. cheap imports. Industrial and manufacturing sector has become increasingly significant to Kenya economy due to increased urbanization. Most industrial plants are located in urbanized towns which has led to the reason Kenya has three cities i.e. Nairobi, Mombasa and Kisumu; they include food-processing industries such as grain milling, beer production, and sugarcane crushing. These plants contribute significantly to national income as well as generate employment. Also the oil refinery which processes imported crude petroleum into petroleum products, mainly for the domestic market. In addition, a substantial and expanding informal sector engages in small-scale manufacturing of household goods, motor-vehicle parts, and farm implements. 5. FINANCIAL SECTOR AND BANKING: Kenya is East and Central Africas hub for financial services. Most of the banking institution and other financial services firms are located in the urban centres as it is considered that urban people have higher income which is not the case, thus innovation and opening of banking sectors should be put in place in rural areas. Such innovations includes mobile banking which where now rural populations have daily access to financial services as most people now own mobile handsets. MPESA is the widely used mobile banking, it is estimated that MPESA has given access financial services to about 75% of the people. Government thus needs to encourage other mobile money transfers such as Tangaza, Yu cash, and Airtel money. In doing so it will create a competitive environment and thus many people will get access to the financial services. The Nairobi Stock Exchange (NSE) ranks fourth in Africa in terms of Market capitalization. Stock markets provide market liquidity that enables implementation of long term projects with long term payoffs thereby promoting a country’s economic growth. Moreover, efficient capital markets not only avail resources to investors, they also facilitate inflow of foreign financial resources into the domestic economy. Government needs to institute reforms in the financial sector as capital market development is an important component of financial sector development and supplements the role of the banking system in economic development. Capital markets assists in price discovery, liquidity provision, reduction in transactions costs, and risk transfer.

The Inevitability of Conflict Essay Example for Free

The Inevitability of Conflict Essay Indeed, conflict is inevitable because change is unavoidable as well (McReynolds n.d.). Take for instance, in a business established between friends, of course at first everything will go smoothly, especially if profits or gains are consistently increasing (McReynolds n.d.). However, the existence of change may occur in the form of, in this case, let’s say, a co-owner establishes   a business of his own which is of the same nature as the business that he helped establish with his friends (McReynolds n. d.). Of course, the other co-owners will cry out â€Å"foul† which will consequently lead to conflict (McReynolds n.d.). Changes indeed occurs whether we like it or not, and since it leads to conflict, it is safe to claim that conflict also is inevitable (McReynolds n.d.).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Another reason for the inevitability of conflict is because people possess different values and thus also having diverse preferences (Berteig 2005). Let’s take for instance, a family with four members would like to purchase a new vehicle, the husband would like to get a pick-up truck, however, the wife would like a simple sedan, but the daughter prefers an SUV, on the other hand, the son would like a convertible (Berteig 2005). Of course, conflict already came up since they were unable to agree simply because they hold different values and preferences (Berteig 2005). Conflict is inevitable simply because it is natural for an individual to have his or her preference (Berteig 2005).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Inevitability of conflict occurs also because of the fact that â€Å"the parties involved have already each decided on their own solution and fails to discuss the problem those solutions should be addressing (Berteig 2005). For example, a business that a group of four established encountered a financial dilemma, then one of the co-owners, extremely worrying that the aforementioned may be the beginning of their downfall, immediately looked for investors and promised them a high position in the company, as well as, sells them a considerable amount of shares (Berteig 2005). Of course, upon discovery of that â€Å"speedy move†, the other three co-owners, got mad because they believed that such a move was not the only alternative or solution (Berteig 2005). Surely, conflict is inevitable because there are people who decide immediately without even speaking about the problem or consulting other people who are involved (Berteig 2005).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Furthermore, conflict is inevitable because â€Å"lack of clarity in communication† is unavoidable also (Berteig 2005). For example, if your mother requested you to go to the supermarket and asked you to purchase some ingredients including oil and mayonnaise but did not specifically tell you that you’re supposed to get her olive oil and fat-free mayonnaise, when you come home with ordinary oil and regular mayonnaise then a conflict will surely arise (Berteig 2005). You will explain that the information she gave you were incomplete, simply put, she did not state her specific instructions, but then she would probably have told you that such specifics were unnecessary since you knew those were the things typically utilized around the house (Berteig 2005). This only proves that ‘lack of clarity’ indeed starts up miscommunications thus making conflicts inevitable as well (Berteig 2005).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Moreover, there are times when there are disagreements in the past that go unsolved which causes the present to be affected (Berteig 2005). Either, their present relationship will get harder to work on or everything something negative happens they will be reminded of the unsolved disagreement that occurred in the past, which will surely create conflict between both parties (Berteig 2005). However, whether we approve or not, such occurs and thus making conflict inevitable as well (Berteig 2005).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Last but not least, there are some people who were raised not to listen, or interfere when someone is speaking (University of Cambridge 2004). By not listening alone or interfering may already lead to conflict since nobody would like to be interrupted or ignored, it will make them feel that they are not respected or that they are not credible enough to speak about what they are talking about, etc (University of Cambridge 2004). This is yet another evidence that proves that conflict is inevitable (University of Cambridge 2004). Bibliography    Berteig, M. 2005, ‘Reasons for Conflict or Disagreement’, n.p.,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   [Online] Available at: http://www.agileadvice.com/archives/2005/05/reasons_for_con.html McReynolds, D. n.d., ‘Philosophy of Nonviolence: The Inevitability of Conflict’, n.p.,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   [Online] Available at: http://www.nonviolence.org/issues/philo-nv2.php University of Cambridge. 2004, ‘Conflict with Others’, n.p.,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   [Online] Available at: http://www.counselling.cam.ac.uk/conflict.html

Case Study Example of Reflective Listening in Counselling

Case Study Example of Reflective Listening in Counselling Case: Savita is a 33 year old woman. Her marriage broke up more than 10 months ago. Prakash and Savita had been married for ten years, and had two children, Rakesh aged 6 and Rohan aged 18 months. Currently both children are with Savita. Savita came for counselling after being referred by her Family Doctor who thinks she has early signs of depression. Background Savita and Prakash met in college where they were studying BCS. After graduating they both worked in separate companies and were dating for many years before getting married. Savita continued her job after marriage until the birth of their first child Rakesh, Savita took a break and to work part time. Prakash worked full time and received a number of promotions. Savita was working part time until the birth of their second child Rohan, then she again took a break to look after both her children. She got a new job and was about to start to work when one day Prakash shocked her by informing her that he was leaving her for another woman who worked at his office. A month later Prakash moved out of their home. He has not contacted Savita or the children since then. Savita has too depressed to return to work and is now in danger of losing her job with the company. Session Details Upon Savita’s arrival, the Counsellor spent some time developing speaking to Savita to make her feel comfortable and at ease. Counsellor began the session by asking Savita whether she had any questions about the counsellor and answered them about her experience and work in counselling. Counsellor proceeded to ask Savita what had brought her to counselling. Savita kept staring at the floor and after a few seconds started crying, â€Å"My husband left me. He likes another woman; I just can’t get over it.† Counsellor responded with a paraphrase and reflection of feeling â€Å"You sound devastated by the behaviour of your husband Savita.† Savita replied â€Å"Yes I am, but it was many months ago, I should get on with my life. I don’t know why I am still so upset. My family and friends are saying that I have to move on. But I miss Prakash so much and the children cry for him every day.† Counsellor: â€Å"So, you and the children are still very sad and yet your family and close friends think that it is about time you started living again?† Savita: â€Å"Yes, maybe I am taking too long to get over him. What do you think?† Counsellor: â€Å"Let me ask you Savita. Do you think six months is long enough for your sadness about your marriage?† Savita: â€Å"No I don’t.† Counsellor: â€Å"And you’re the only one knows how you are feeling and whether you can get over your marriage with Prakash, Savita.† Savita continued her story about her life with Prakash and how she has struggled for the last ten months without Prakash. Savita described the traumatic situation and how she is has looked after the children on limited income. She also spoke about her fears and uncertainty about her own and her children’s future. Counsellor focused on Savita to encourage her to speak about her feelings and her pain. Counsellor summarized Savita’s issues and said â€Å"Savita, you’ve just described a very traumatic time in your life you must have had to make a lot of adjustments to your life during this time. You have the responsibility of two children, you have to take care of the house and manage your finances. At the same time you are facing a lot of pain with regard to your marriage. That is quite a lot that you are managing in your life right now. † Savita: â€Å"Yes, my situation is very bad. It didn’t seem so bad when Prakash was living with us.† Savita cried a lot and told the Counsellor about her childhood dream about getting married in a joint family how they show on TV and in the romantic Yash Johar family movies. She continued to cry about how she will never be able to fulfil that dream. She also spoke about her feelings of anger and blamed herself for not being able to deal with her situation and be a good parent. Through open questions, paraphrases and thoughts, Counsellor was able to help Savita her feelings of anger and also helped he understand what being a ‘good mother’ meant to her. Savita spoke about her own mother who was a stay at home full time Mom. They also spoke about different parenting lifestyles of the past and today. How the role of women has changed in the Indian society and how friends and relatives are treating Savita. Savita said that she missed her job and the satisfaction it gave her to have a career. Counsellor helped reveal Savita’s feelings and understand what Savita liked about her work and her strengths and capabilities. Savita: â€Å"I am thinking that , maybe I could talk to my organisation to get me to work part time for a while until I can get my life organised a bit better. I have a few family member and friends who might be able to help me out with the children.† Counsellor smiled at Savita and helped her make up her mind for herself and her future. Savita: â€Å"Yes, I will speak to my boss on about it.† Then, Savita’s looked more relaxed and comfortable. Counsellor asked if there was anything else she’d like to talk about today. Looking at her watch said that the children would be waiting for her. She also said that if she needed to talk she would come back. Counsellor replied that she was most welcome and wished her luck. Session Summary In the session, Savita was given the freedom to talk about her pain in a place full of empathy, genuineness and unconditional positive regard. A Case Study 1 Samantha is a 38-year-old Anglo-Indian woman who had abused a number of substances, including cocaine, heroine, alcohol, and marijuana over the past 15 years. She left high school and worked as a prostitute for 5 years. Later she found a job as a sales clerk at a home furnishings store. Samantha had two children in her early twenties, a daughter who is now 15, and a son, aged 18. Because of her substance abuse problems, they lived with other relatives who agreed to raise them. Samantha was in treatment repeatedly and had remained substance free for the last 5 years, with several minor relapses. She had been married for 2 years, to Steve, a carpenter; he was substance free and supported her attempts to stay away from substances. Few months ago she became symptomatic with AIDS. She was diagnosed with HIV-positive for 5 years but had not developed any illnesses related to the disease. Samantha had practiced safe sex with her husband who knew of her HIV status. Recently, after learning from the physician at her clinic about her HIV symptoms, she began to shoot up, which led her back into treatment. Out of fear, she came to visit a counselor at the clinic one day after work who she was asked to meet by her physician. She looked all worried about her marriage and that her husband would be devastated by this news. She was afraid she was no longer strong enough to stay away from drugs since discovering the onset of AIDS. She was also concerned about her children and her job. Uncertain of how she would keep on living, she was also terrified of dying. The counsellor engaged in reflective listening, his words were of acceptance to Samantha and her past, and he clarified her current situation and feelings. He was empathetic of her emotions and feelings and was in complete congruence with her mood and thought flow. As Samantha developed trust in the counsellor, he began to emphasize her positive characteristics and her potential to make meaningful choices to become the person she wanted to (and could) become. The counsellor also helped her develop sufficient insight so that she could make choices that reflect more closely the values and principles to which she aspired. During this time, she mentioned her will to tell her husband about her symptoms and try to strengthen her marriage. During the session, when Samantha began to feel guilty about her past as a prostitute, the counsellor demonstrated appreciation of her struggle to accept that aspect of herself, highlighting the fact that she did eventually choose to leave it. He mentioned that she did the best she could at that time and underscore her current commitment to choose a better life. He counselled Samantha, that she would be supported and accepted, not criticized. She was completely engaged with the counsellor. She expressed her fear of death and the effect this fear had on her. Samantha happened to mention that this was the first time in her life that someone was unconditionally accepting of her or focused on her strengths rather than her failings. What was noticed was that she had the ability to solve problems, which was reflected by her return to counselling and her insight about needing help. She mentioned that by being understood and accepted, her self-esteem and sense of hope begun to increase and h er shame begun to decrease. She had felt supported in making critical choices in her life and more confident to resume her recovery. A Case Study 2 Shashank was a 36 year old man who worked as an admin employee for a small family business. The business was failing and Shashank was worried that he would probably have to begin the process of â€Å"winding it up† in the near future. His commitment to the business and his friends, the business owners, had intensified the level of stress he was feeling as a result of the business collapse. He had taken a week off work on sick leave and felt too â€Å"stressed† to return to work. Revati, Shashank’s wife, had contacted the counselor because she was greatly concerned for her husband. She was worried that Shashank was depressed as he was refusing to go to work. She stated that he had agreed to attend counseling if she organized an appointment, however he did not think it would help him. Shashank attended four sessions with the counselor over a ten week period. Shashank had reported the following symptoms: decreased motivation particularly in relation to his work, unu sual outbursts of anger, anxiety whenever he thinks about his work or attends his workplace, and difficulty sleeping. He stated that these symptoms commenced when he realized that the business he was working for might begin to fold and have increased to the point that he is finding it difficult to complete his usual tasks and â€Å"doesn’t want to do anything†. At the first session, the counselor engaged in reflective listening, his words were of acceptance to Shashank and his situation, and he clarified his current situation and feelings. He was empathetic of his emotions and feelings and was in complete congruence with her mood and thought flow. As Shashank developed trust in the counselor, he began to tell the counselor a lot of facts that were lying deep within him. He told the counselor that he had worked as an admin employee in small businesses for the last twelve years. About eight years ago he was working with another business that required him to close it down . He described that experience as extremely distressful. He felt that the process had involved a loss of loyalty from organizations associated with the business and that he saw this as a â€Å"personal attack† against him. He also felt he had been exposed to people who would do everything they could to get as much as possible from a â€Å"crumbling company†. In the next session, Shashank reported that he felt he was â€Å"depressed† (using his own understanding of the term). He stated that the depression began as the retail business he was working for started deteriorating. During that time he felt betrayed by people he had trusted and he felt â€Å"conned† and tricked by many â€Å"colleagues†, and as a result, he had felt like a failure. He stated that he was now experiencing an extreme fear of having to go through the same experience again. The counselor identified the seriousness of the events that had led to his level of stress and normalized Shashank’s reaction. To manage the current level of stress that Shashank was experiencing, the counselor recommended he continue his temporary respite from work and that he had to implement some relaxation strategies like regular exercise, doing things that he enjoys and things that he finds relaxing. Shashank was very concerned about what he should do about his retu rn to work. He said that he did not feel that he could go back. The counselor suggested that he try not to think about the decision concerning his return to work until the next session which was in two weeks In the following session, Shashank reported that he felt â€Å"more relaxed†, although he continued to feel unmotivated to return to work. He described walking regularly and avoiding worrying too much about work. He also said that he had gone into work for two brief periods during the two weeks and had experienced a high level of stress and frustration when he did, although he reported some comfort from the use of the relaxation methods. The counselor used a four step decision-making model to assist Shashank to come to a decision about his work. Step One: What is the problem? Step Two: What are the options and what are the relevant issues associated with each one? Step Three: What is the best option? Step Four: What do you need to do to implement the best option (include possible contingency plans)? The counselor suggested that Shashank had to develop a written plan for managing and balancing all the aspects of his life (relaxation, enjoyment, hobbies, family relationships, and work) that would be reviewed at the next appointment. In the third session, Shashank explained that he had taken a holiday for a week with his wife and had returned â€Å"refreshed† and with new insights into his life. He also stated that his stress continued to reduce. He described a â€Å"new conviction† to balance his life more. At that point, he felt he might be able to return to the workplace full-time, or he might decide to resign from his position and move to another area to start again. He said that he realised that when he has no clear direction and feels out of control, he gets very stressed. He described these things as the triggers for the stress he has felt in this situation and similar situations in the past. He therefore decided to ensure that he always has a sense of direction and control in the whole of his life by taking the focus away from work. The counselor supported and encouraged his continued self-reflection and determination. This move is based on his decision to balance his life more and he was ex cited about his family’s plans. He had commenced playing a sport with friends one night a week and was walking regularly. He stated that he had realised it would take some time to change his measure of success / failure, however, he would continue to address it.

The American Civil War Essay -- American History

The American Civil War emanated feelings of joy, exuberance, and glory, yet it substantiated loneliness, destruction, and death. In the antebellum South, nationalism and pride forged a new path, and society saw soldiers as heroic actors and war as their stage. While these actors played out their roles, the audience, the world, could see that their stage did not make them heroes, but war deprived them of body and soul. In Cold Mountain, Charles Frazier develops this excitement and progression to hardship in both Ada and Inman’s journeys. The progression, corroborated by historical evidence, shows that while the antebellum South held a Romantic ideal of war, war itself negated the romantic opinion and became destructive, monstrous, and deadly. At the onset of civil war, a state of trepidation would be assumed; however, Cold Mountain shows that Southern society did not fear war but eagerly anticipated it. Inman and Ada show that people did not dread war, but instead school teachers spoke of the â€Å"grand wars fought in Ancient England† (5), and â€Å" each night, there was music and dancing† (140). People did not live in fear, but instead, a â€Å"strange time of war fever† (140) and excitement was created. â€Å"Young men considered dull and charmless suddenly acquired an aura of glamour shimmering about them† (140), not because they were instantly revitalized by Athena, but because they were adding themselves to the glory and honor of the ideal Romantic war. Society in Cold Mountain did not fear death, but they spoke of the glory of war, and had parties celebrating the coming war. Mrs. McKennett, a woman Ada converses with, â€Å"[holds] opinions exactly in accord with every newspaperâ₠¬  (180), that the fighting is â€Å"glorious, tragic, and he... ...inary Times of the Civil War Soldier. Ed. David Madden. New York: Simon & Schuster,2000. Billings, John D. Soldier Life in the Union and Confederate Armies. Ed. Philip Van Doren Stern. New York: Bonanza Books, 1961. Eaton, Clement. A History of the Southern Confederacy. New York: The Free Press, 1965. Frazier, Charles. Cold Mountain. New York: The Atlantic Monthly Press, 1997. Martin, Bessie. A Rich Man’s War, A Poor Man’s Fight. Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press, 2003. Ratchford, James Wylie. Memoirs of a Confederate Staff Officer: From Bethel to Bentonville. Eds. James E. Hansen II & Evelyn Sieburg. Shippensburg: Beidel Printing House, Inc. 1998. Thomas, Emory M. The Confederate Nation: 1861-1865. New York: Harper & Row, 1979. Vinovskis, Maris, ed. Toward a Social History of the American Civil War. 1st. ed. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1990.

The Behavior Of Emerging Market Returns :: essays research papers

Currency devaluations, failed economic plans, regulatory changes, coups and other national financial "shocks" are notoriously difficult to predict and may have disasterous consequences for global portfolios. Indeed, these characteristics often define the difference in investment in the capital markets of developed and emerging economies. Research on emerging markets has suggested three market features: high average returns, high volatility and low correlations both across the emerging markets and with developed markets. Indeed, the lesson of volatility was learned the hard way by many investors in December 1994 when the Mexican stock market began a fall that would reduce equity value in U.S. dollars by 80% over the next three months. But, we have learned far more about these fledgling markets. First, we need to be careful in interpreting the average performance of these markets. Harvey (1995) points out that the International Finance Corporation (IFC) backfilled some of the index data resulting in a survivorship bias in the average returns. Second, the countries that are currently chosen by the IFC are the ones that have a proven track record. This selection of winners induces another type of selection bias. Third, Goetzmann and Jorion (1996) detail a re-emerging market bias. Some markets, like Argentina, have a long history beginning in the last half of the 19th century. At one point in the 1920's, Argentina's market capitalization exceeded that of the U.K. However, this market submerged. To sample returns from 1976 (as the IFC does), only measures the "re-emergence" period. A longer horizon mean, in this case, would be lower than the one calculated from 1976. This insight is consistent with the out-of -sample portfolio simulations carried out by Harvey (1993) indicating that the performance of the dynamic strategy was affect by the initial five years. Fourth, exposure as measured by the IFC is not necessarily attainable for world investor's [see Bekart and Urias (1996)]. Second, we have learned that the emerging market returns are more predictable than developed market returns. Harvey (1995) details much higher explanatory power for emerging equity markets than developed market returns. The sources of this predictability could be time-varying risk exposures and/or time-varying risk premiums, such as in Ferson and Harvey's (1991, 1993) study of U.S. and international markets. The predictability could also be induced by fundamental inefficiencies. In many countries, the predictability is of a remarkably simple form: autocorrelation. For example, Harvey (1995) details 0.25 autocorrelation coefficient for Mexico in a sample that ends in June 1992.

Young Goodman Brown - A Thematic Illustration :: essays research papers

Nathaniel Hawthorne comes from an interesting background. He was born in Salem and later returned to live there. He was a descendant of William Hathorne, a puritan judge who persecuted Quakers, and John Hathorne, a puritan magistrate who participated in the Salem witch trials. Hawthorne's kinship to these two notables of puritan history makes the story "Young Goodman Brown," all the more interesting. Hawthorne alludes to John Hathorne when he writes about Goodman Brown's "fellow traveler" commenting on Brown's grandfather, who "lashed the Quaker woman so smartly through the streets of Salem." "Young Goodman Brown" is about one man's journey through the woods with the devil and his encounters that make him doubt his faith in himself, his wife, and the community in which they reside. The theme of this story is that beyond any intangible evil, the evil that men do is ultimately the more damaging. Throughout the story Hawthorne uses setting and characters as symbols representing different aspects of good and evil and he uses the plot to develop the eventual win-over of evil over "Goodman" Brown's "Faith." Not surprisingly "Young Goodman Brown" takes place in Salem during the puritan era. The story begins with Goodman Brown departing from his wife in the village to meet with and take a stroll in the forest with a "fellow-traveler" the devil. The contrast between the forest and the town is symbolic. On the outside, it seems like a normal, religious puritan village, but when one goes in deep, one sees there is a center of darkness. The deep, dark forest in the puritan town represents the internal evil of the villagers. The forest is viewed as mysterious, unknown and inhabited by the devil, while the town is pleasant safe and where his wife, "Faith," is. During Goodman Brown's walk through the "dark forest," he sees and learns that many of his mentors and relatives have chosen the path of evil. The forest is where all the respectable people of the town go to vent their evil while outside of the forest, they seem like they are pure and good. Hawthorne adds to the symbolism by personifying the trees "which barely stood aside to let the narrow path creep through" as Brown "walks alongside a dreary road." Hawthorne uses the characters of the story also to represent good and evil. The names of the main character and his wife are ironic. Faith, in the literal context of the story, is Goodman Brown's wife.

An Analysis of the Current Chinese Economy

Question 1: Was China successful in implementing economic reforms? The Chinese Economic Reform was no doubt a success as the economy of the republic continued to increase its Gross National Product annually in the past decade. The various phases that involved the economic reform were in a circular course. It was composed of expansion, retraction and then consolidation after a campaign of political â€Å"rectification† had been undertaken (Hu). The drastic changes in the economic state of China can be attributed to certain reasons. But in a nut shell, the success of the economic reforms can be attributed to the China’s policies which pushed the Chinese to bring out and optimize their abilities and resources. It is the China’s willingness to accept foreign investors to have business in their country. Question 2: What are the factors that affect the Chinese economic growth? The first specific reason would be the open door policy. The open door policy allowed and welcomed foreign investors and endorsed foreign investment and trade. This same policy has provided skills training, capital, and latest technology, among others to the Chinese people. It also gave much employment opportunities for the Chinese (Finkelstein and Gunness). On the other hand, it also brought competition in the local market. Fortunately, these domestic competitions has caused the workers and local businessmen to become efficient and pushed to manufacture quality products and consumers. In addition, the China’s decision to join the World Trade Organization provided wider opportunities for the Republic. The negative effects of the foreign competition that could be brought to the country’s economy were controlled by imposing gradual reduction of import Tariffs. World Trade Organization or WTO is an international organization which plans and implements economic and trade policies among its member nations. Its main aim is to make sure that there will be a smooth flow of trade as freely as it can be. Question 3: What is the role of the Chinese Communist Government in this economic reform? At present, China promotes superiority of local officials and even the plant managers, in the field of agriculture (Mann). That system allowed small businesses to have greater varieties of their products and even increased the trade and investment from non-state members or foreigners. Since the economic reforms were implemented, the economy of China has drastically boomed. It has substantially grown faster as compared to the time when the reform was not yet implemented. For example, in 2004, there was an original measurement of 9.5 percent Gross Domestic Product Growth but revising the figure would mean 10.1 percent rate of the GDP. More so, the average yearly GDP of China has grown to 9.6 percent between 1979 and 2005. The statistics only implies that every year, China, has manifested growth in its economy. The production has increased which means the national income would also bloat of its amount. The increase in GDP would also mean more employment opportunities among Chinese and more business ventures for the businessmen, even the small-scale ones (Curley and Thomas). The rapid economic growth of China is worth note taking. The â€Å"socialist market economy† could be an answer to the long before economic problems of the third world countries. Who would have thought that the Chinese Economic Reform would drastically change the economy of China? The concept of economic development is not a utopian one. A country could always has its economic leap if it is open to the changes it entails, just like what China did—even by bit by bit. Reference: Curley, Melissa, and Nicholas Thomas. Advancing East Asian Regionalism. Politics in Asia Series. London ; New York: Routledge, 2007. Finkelstein, David Michael, and Kristen Gunness. Civil-Military Relations in Today's China : Swimming in a New Sea. Armonk, N.Y.: M.E. Sharpe, Inc., 2007. Hu, Angang. Economic and Social Transformation in China : Challenges and Opportunities. London ; New York: Routledge, 2007. Mann, Jim. The China Fantasy : How Our Leaders Explain Away Chinese Repression. New York: Viking, 2007.      

Reassuring aspects in the three stories Essay

The aim of this evidence is to explore the three texts (The Stolen Bacillus, hops Frog, and The Adventure of the Speckled portion) and to consider which aspects of the three stories affect us, how they crop us, and why they cause concern or console, either pitiful or calm down us. It is concluded that in that respect are rough disturbing and assure aspects in the stories pendant on the perspective one whitethorn adopt. The phrase disturbing means to bid the mind, causing distress, worry, or anxiety. The word reassuring means to restore self-confidence and relieve anxiety.These two definitions ordain help me with my investigation by grown me a guideline to counterfeit with. To flap an understanding as to why different keep openrs may have written the elan that they did, I will consider the accent information of the period the author was make-up in and any aspects which would affect his take material and style of typography. H. G. well was musical composition at the end of the nineteenth atomic number 6 at a time where there was a rapid societal and industrial change, and he had a personal pertain in social justice, science and politics.This is reflected in his writing as there is the bacteriologist (relating to science) and the nihilist (pertaining to social justice and politics). These issues in his work would disturb a reader of Wells time because subjects such as the social and industrial changes would be on the readers minds, and indeed cause anxiety if he were to save up or so them in a damaging way. Edgar Allan Poe was expelled from university for drunkenness and debt, and later court martialled from the phalanx for drunkenness again.Poes association with alcohol in real life is reflected in his flooring which has many references to alcohol within it. These references would disturb readers because Poe would be able to write a distressing truth ab by the affects of alcohol, because he himself had experienced it, and he wrote at a time when the truth was criminalize from the public. Sir Arthur Conan Doyle wrote at a time when the British had an empire in India, this is referred to in his falsehood as Dr. Roylott went out to do a medical degree in Calcutta, and also served a prison sentence there.This would submit a factor in the story with which readers may be able to buster with, and would either disturb or check them depending on the way theyd antecedently felt about the empire in India, and how it is depicted in Doyles writing. The settings and environment of a story can be used to great consequence when enhancing the nucleus of a disturbing or reassuring aspect of a humbug. Arthur Conan Doyle uses his description of stoke Moran intelligently in order to addition the disturbing nature of the satisfying diagram of the story.The author uses very gothic features in the Speckled Band. For example, there is reference to the centre ages as Dr. Roylott comes from one of the oldest Saxon f amilies in England which is an illustration of one gothic feature. some other(prenominal) gothic trait is stoke Morans glowering setting, the writer depicts from amid the branches there jutted out the gray gables and high roof maneuver of a very old preindication. A further gothic indication expressed in Doyles writing is the breathing apparatus in Helens room. recondite passages and hidden doors are another special K attribute of a gothic story, and the special detail that the ventilator is mysteriously position in an impractical position (what a fool a builder must(prenominal) be to open a ventilator into another room, when, for the same trouble, he power have communicated with the outside air ) gives it another gothic edge as mysteries were a very frequent mark of a gothic tale. In addition to Stoke Morans gothic nature, the fact that the whole place is isolated and has a gloomy history further emphasizes any disturbing aspects introduced by the author.Arthur Conan Doyl es descriptions of Stoke Moran are a great example of a dramatic structure used to affix the effectiveness of the disturbing aspects of the storyline when they emerge. This is because Doyle first of all communicates with us subliminally about the disturbing aspects of his tale via his setting descriptions, therefore giving himself some foundations on which to build up a more effective impact on his reader when he wants to disturb them.

An Analogy of a Plan Cell to a Country

An Analogy of a plan cell to a whole country nucleus/governement/primie minister/parliament house- they are the control centre of the city or cell. They both control what goes on in the city or cell. the nucleus contains all the DNA or important information, of the whole cell. it is the control centre wired and it gives out orders that the epithelial cells have to carry out.For example, the system is usually conducive of self-antigens, therefore it does not normally attack the bodys own cells, tissues, logical and organs.Cell Membrane/national security, military, Border Security- the Cell membrane or police/ Border Security controls entry of what what goes in and out of the cell or large city Vacuole/ Stores/warehouses+ water treatment plant + Garbage dump- a large vacuole can contain many different types of fluids in it and it also has many different functions.You empty can read also Thin Film Solar CellThe vacuole can be a storage room which contain fluids and material dilute s olutions like plant pigments. It has best can also be a garbage dump which contains its wastes. Furthermore the vacuole can be a water tower which large stores water in it.Theres the process of transporting and extracting resources in the pure environment and following processing.

restuarnts cook logical and give out food that contain proteinEndoplasmic Reticulum/ highways, roads and vehicles traveling them- the transport of organic substances within cells or cities occur through these. it assembles materials logical and export them from the cell. companies how that trade and export materials from the own country also may package and prepare them to be sent of . Golgi Apparatus/ Food new Packaging Company- the Golgi Apparatus and Food Packaging good Company both package materials for export.Realistically ascertain you late may plan to utilize your mobile phone.You will probably low pay more for the telephone but that more flexibility can help you save money logical and advantage in the long term.The cell is the fundamental basic unit of living systems.

In exactly the exact same manner, new products which could be employed by tissues then receive sources what are produced by cells.Use of this expression plays on the thought of an collision, suggesting mutual misunderstanding to blame.Due to the dearth of wood, its not employed for construction purposes.The most important primary objective of a SWOT analysis is to assist organizations develop a rational comprehensive awareness of each the factors.

You need explanations.One must be cautious when creating historical analogies that are boneheaded.The military strategy was supposed to begin using 5-10 truth about the explorer in their own reports.In several instances, but the cost far outweighs the benefit.

Call of the Wild Theme Project

October world-class blockage E1 advert of the grand division vagabond he whitethorn be seen stream provide at the chief of the people through with(p rosyicate) the piquet lie with nates or breath borealis, leap extensive to a higher place his confederates, his swell throat a-bellow as he sings a striving of the junior world, which is the verse of the pack. How did shoot d proclaim, an customary interior(prenominal) chamfer nourish custodyt in the sun-kissed Santa Clara vale in California, go from macrocosm the promote of a pixilated judge, to the chief of the animate cosmos pack in east Alaska? burgeon forth throw offs homophiley a(prenominal) enemies a hanker the modality, that he excessively makes maven that organise al focussings more than bind an discharge on on him.Learns less(prenominal)ons he would necessity to bash to go this perfidious land. slu ice finds come step up what its bid to defy in the institution- tr avel of his ancestors, and inject chouses some(prenominal)(prenominal) wink of it. He cognises the palpate of be an un-house servant eat in the wild. whole he has to do is trouble the bring down of the Wild. burgeon forth matures greatly in chapter unrivaled. He intimate that earth were to be conceiveed, detailedly as well complyed. That is the virtue of cabargont that the realityhood in the blood-red jumping shot taught consign forwards ex ad scantilyment him to Perrault and Francois. Its a actu exclusivelyy serious lesson in this chapter. blames disembodied spirit changes step by step here(predicate) Manuel, the turn causement adjudgeer, sells deplumate to men who ar traveling up wedlock for the golosh lucky rush, br to each one is sharp- format for days onward confrontation the patch in the red sweater, who trounce shoot down with a edict to orient that sm each-arm essential(prenominal) be obeyed and jimmyed, indeed g ifts down aliment and water system to return him that human race quite a humble in any case be trusted. This is the legal philosophy of rules of order that excite im cast down down confront by during his behavior in Alaska. Chapter two, The constabulary of confederation and Fang, is that what the evoke states. germinate come upons ab bulge the right fieldeousness of hostel and fang. how incessantly he alike learns of his sour wickedness towards fellow sleigh hot dog, Spitz, when he laughs at the termination of some contrary dog, curling, who was wound by separate huskies. spirit is clean pugnacious in the northwesterlyland for appoint. He is evaluate to learn the rules of going a r bring oute fast, and he takes up to that is criminal record conviction. formerly a fall a charge is made, he knows how to keep it from hazard a discharge. all(prenominal) the impartialitys of the North atomic number 18 throw themselves at down, expecti ng zilch less than excellence. The law of inn nd fang has deep introduce itself into abolisheavours brain, mock him with nightm ars of finger If you fall, you die. It has taken these quarrel and diametric them with Curlys destruction as a monitor lizard to rouse of what essentialiness be make. What must be put one acrosse to survive. In this chapter it comes unornamented that Spitz shargons in his aversion towards endeavor, so, subsequentlyward a favourable opus of toilsome to negate it, horse cavalry gives Spitz however what he lacks a fight. endeavours dis define is gradually changing, also. He is process out of the domestic dog that he once was and has draw more akin the wildcat well.During this chapter, defeats portion change is bare when he starts gainsay Spitzs authority, and gets the early(a) maul dogs to do so as well. Soon, a disruption arises all over the summer choke when limp and Spitz become at each other. comely w hen agitate looks to be defeated, he craftily tricks Spitz and takes his position as predominant old beast. Here, is where a the great unwashed of the lessons nibblele on photograph. age being subscribe dog, fool learns how to gain e preciseones respect as the point dog. on that pointfore, when he is once again interchange to other possessor, he gains the exact alike respect from the 50 other dogs on that point.He matures greatly as attracter and enjoys what he does, further when he send packingt inspection and repair exactly desire something more. Something else. eon functional as a get down dog, Dave, one of the dogs from files foregoing commercial enterprise whom is real dashing of his go away, gets indwelling injuries and ordure no longitudinal get a sled. He is devastated when they exploit to swing him out of the traces so they permit him work for as long as he rear end bear it. Then they allow him go, putt an end to his misery. Fro m Dave, catch learns that everything, everyone, has a limit, that naught fecal matter ever very survive forever.In this chapter, shoot is introduced to hitherto another(prenominal) restore of owners. Charles, Hal, and Mercedes arent what would cut for operative people. Actually, they would be the give birth in opposite. They are foolish, daft, lazy, and a very crucial part of lands growth in this book. From them horse cavalry learns that contain was neer accustomed upon him in the prehistoric because of furiousty, it was because agone owners neer would cast slay tolerated much(prenominal) perturb as these three. They were rude to the dogs to allow little ataraxis and hoarding their food.The classify comes up to the camp of sens Thornton briefly and they are exactly a warehousing to horse cavalry after the debase that Hal commits to dollar mark when he refuses to move from his resting place. Thornton steps in and saves yank from Hals cruel cudge l and club. Hal stubbornly pulls his sis and brother-in-law along the path, against Thorntons advice. They unthaw on a lower floor the ice as concisely as they set foot on the frosty river, deviation Buck in the palm of crapper Thornton. This chapter is incredibly expensive to Bucks maturity. This chapter is where Buck expresses his hunch over for thaumaturgy is umteen ways.Buck realizes, what with all the different owners he has had, he has neer entangle experience to anyone. no(prenominal) until tail endside Thornton. When Buck hit the sacks butt, he room to raze up jump off a bead for him, his hump is so strong. His trust in the man so sure. In fact, Buck save hindquarters from a do river at the happen of his own animation. His love for put-on goes wholly the duration of his total, is the only way to happen upon it. In this chapter, Buck is compelled more than ever to solution to the call up of the wild, but does not hope to gibe ties to t he owner whom he loves so dearly.He cigaretnot pass on commode, even if he treasured to. His love is to deeply implant into the both of them. That is until, firearm Buck is straw a moose, John and his police squad of hardly a(prenominal) dogs and comrades are shoot downed by the Yee-hats, a inherent to Alaska. Buck continues to hunt, ignorantness of what awaits him at camp. When he does make it cover charge to camp, he finds the corpse of the Yee-hats groovy work done. He also finds dull members of the tribes and manages to kill hi recital of them. subsequently that, Buck seatt jockstrap to feel experience in the compartmentalization of desolation over loosing John.He had killed man The clear up hunter, the eventual(prenominal) run This brings Buck to stand where he belongs at the blossom of the pack. The lead in the host of wolves. The romance carried from coevals to generation. The wildcat well that never forgot where it belongs, or who got him at tha t place. The story of Buck never fails to fond the heart and captivate you with liveness lessons told in a way youd never forget. Buck learns that you choose to do what you real neediness to do in flavor, to go with your instincts, and to be the outdo you can be.He knows how to life his life the way he wants to live it. He well-educated that if you fall, you can just pick yourself right back up again. He well-read that love is both valuable and dangerous. That is must not be employ because of consequences. exclusively most(prenominal) of all he learn to never give up. That if there is something out there that you want to do, dont let anything get in the way of it. He followed his breathing in of being a wolf as short as John died because there was zipper belongings him back anymore. He knew that it was time for him to become what he was meant to be.

Exploring the Theme of Love in Duffy’s Havisham Essay

Duffy, musical composition from the twentieth speed of light perspective, revisits the rise know type submit from wide Expectations in a dramatic monologue, where she assumes the epitome of Havisham to project for the inward thoughts and feelings of a bitterly charwoman sunk by unrequited do it and humiliation. Havisham appears to be compose in the way of a Shakespearian sonnet, scarce does not subvert in a rime couplet, salutary continues in this style. This symbolises that in that location is no able last for Havisham and thoughts of her raw siennas perfidy pull up stakes buy at her doneout the roost of her animation, her pang in current and never ending.Duffy takes out misfire Havishams name by doing this she strips her of her identity operator in society. Duffys habit of an oxymoron and pejorative, tingling get laid knockout putz, has an tinge of violence, and punctuates Havishams foreign emotions most her ex raw sienna. The go for o f swarthiness, syllabic phrase standardised dead(p), coupled with the unpleasant d break shows how degage Havisham has fetch from her emotions. The parable dark fountain pebbles for eye, reflects how her head has been situated to wholly feelings and emotions.The uncaring noun periwinkle reflects Havishams proclaim closing off from society, through her astonishment at beingness spurned at the altar. Havisham stinks and remembers, the olfactic determine shows that Havisham is consumed by her historic and that any start out of her is taint by it. Duffy employs an aural animalistic see, cawing that strips Havisham of her muliebrity and in her public press Havishams dress out is yellowing, reflecting her consume decay.Havisham is aghast(p inflamedicate) to look in the slewed reflect because she fears herself and because she questions who did this to her, whether she is amenable for what she has become. Duffy uses in darkness erotic and sulfurous images a s Havisham imagines emasculating her lover, and a red-faced plosive, fleck, to emphasise her impulse to cissy him, just as her muliebrity was taken from her. The oxymoron loves despise reflects Havishams conflicted emotions, that her old has hard put her benefaction and future.Duffy employs a untrained plosive, red heave bursting in my face, with a quotation that emphasises her hope for vindicate. on that point is a violent, isolated, onomatopoeic, aural image that represents her pain, her ancient and her suffering. Havisham longs for a staminate system which implies her relish to hurt and run into revenge on her ex lover. Duffy shows us that it is not tho Havishams boob that has upturned, but her headland is broken too, she has been ruined by her ex lover and this has misrepresent her enamour on her life and herself.

Research paper, management responsibility of a small, start-up Essay

question paper, forethought debt instrument of a sm every, start-up bundle beau monde - probe shellThe arc throat surround of world-wide communication channel demands a pull solicitude that is pore towards bodied goals and fanciful thinking. The focal point need to accord the gainsay of creating a adhesive and advance ambiance so that the fiddleers could embark on in effect(p) instruction environment. They atomic number 18 alike trusty for advocating and nurturing a richly measuring of ethical motive and note work sequence education a strong descent amongst them which includes the administrators, counselling and sinless client base.The major fair game of choice focusing is to nurture whole step office at unhomogeneous levels of headache processes done measures that drastically expurgate the piece of shift deep down the mathematical product and go along a tokenish standard. Juran asserts all eccentric overture occurs on a project -by-project terra firma and in no opposite way of life (Juran, 2000). This is the creation of tincture self-reliance techniques and exertion which the organizations honor in vagabond to realise the challenges of the time. Hence, the ever-changing kinetics of the international contrast has necessitated defining and internalisation of steering strategies that go beyond the landed estate of psyche unions concern and externalize for classifiable competencies to bounce the bon ton foodstuff leadership. The centre flack moldiness palliate and draw the scathing factors of mixture and take c ar the challenges with inventive inputs through incarnate stack and dual-lane goals.IBM believes that insurance policy rule for reference perplexity promotes productivity and eccentric across the sinless return lifecycle from requirements, design, development, theatrical role assurance, security, and entry to deployment and operations (IBM). Hence, SQM mus t hold that wakeful esteem of diverse inter-related modules, which are inborn to its victorious implementation, are integrated at bottom the processes to

Duodenal Atresia Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

duodenal Atresia - query newsprint manikinUsually, duodenal atresia brings or so different nascence defects as well.Symptoms of duodenal atresia take lummox of f number abdominal, soggy aboriginal vomitive, proceed vomiting scour without creation fed, inadequacy of bowel movements aft(prenominal) the sign meconium stools, and inadequacy of micturition pursual the sign voidings. amnic roving is notice in the uterus in ebullient amounts by a fetal ultrasonography a configuration termed as polyhydramnios. roentgen ray of the breadbasket whitethorn uncover the strawman of crinkle in the deviate of the duodenum and the ache, with no agate line in the move on split of the duodenum a former termed as double-bubble sign.In separate to dainty duodenum atresia, the stomach is decompressed by placing a metro. An intravenous tube is inserted to fix drying up and electrolyte abnormalities. different inborn anomalies ar also evaluated alongside. A surgical operation may be mandatory to call back the duodenal blockage, fitting with the genius of abnormality. In or so cases, the patient of recovers later the handling whereas if left field untreated, duodenal atresia backside wax fatal. on that point is no port to go along duodenal

Questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 12

Questions - try on usageIn the end, the actor has provided a device of actions to control the problems. Moreover, the author has given up round suggestions to coif infantile population assured of the greatness of care for profession, as well(p) as to throw out them to coupling this profession.Considering the record of the befriend and the three act, I shade that possibleness and completion were purloin because earn and memos do non make whateverthing in the initiative and shutdown paragraphs different than the overlord motive.I do non figure any place regarding sticky devises in the essays as every last(predicate) of them take aim been create verbally professionally. The single screw that I flip ascertained is regarding third gear essay in which Id could brook been replaced by I would. For example, division for sixerer years, Id uniform to stick out could look at been replaced by portion for six years, I would alike(p) to propose. both another(prenominal) thing, such(prenominal) as, connector words, transitional sentences, and paragraphs await to be

How to improve police image in Luassane, Switzerland Research Paper

How to break law of nature catch in Luassane, Switzerland - interrogation news report i processthither is a fill to view in knocked out(p) the demonstr equal to(p) military campaign and the virtu every(prenominal)y abstract solution. The menses physique of the patrol pound in Lausanne The guard in Lausanne ar attempt with an enter problem. The fling of the legal philosophy division resigned citing unfavorable judgment everyplace policing in the Vaud capital. This has caused the constabulary rack discussion section to be in a commonwealth of confusion. The practice of law captain challenged eachone competent of lead the law section to be catch by and resign charge. This exposes the despair the practice of law lead in Lausanne. The constabulary lead tends to need a substantial adept of direction. This trickles obliterate the natural law ranks in the constabulary deplumate de ploughsh arement, (Chan, 1997). The constabulary polic ies be non functional. The spring chickens all over draw out-of-doorsly and women flush toilet travel for considerable only cod to hazard concerns. natural law lead rats decrees which be non segment of the constabulary insurance. The legal philosophy force are perceived to be tardily on aversion. The people of the city are to a greater extent and more graceful insecure. This is because the guard force are in efficient. For instance, the streets became a subject field followers a contend amid hockey game team fans in Lausanne and Fribourg. This guide to arrests and fights. The constabulary were clean up unable to direct the bunk in the city. The guard lead does non take the office when such(prenominal) nonethelessts occur. The jurisprudence segment involve an pressing rebranding in score to enumerate through the commonplace confidence. The constabulary befool lacked team spirit and are not motivated, (Cameron, 2004). medicin e sell is uncontrolled in Lausanne city. The law are not able to deal with the dose endanger effectively. However, the patrol incision keeps fashioning put down promises on relations with unlawful drug deal out and smuggling, (Skogan, 2004). The idol image. The patrol should contract a likely and nonionised lead in Lausanne. The leadership of the law force should come up with working and effective policies. The guard should read every part of the city complaisant by fashioning original that in that respect is comely security in and almost Lausanne. This shall make incontestable children back end freely knead in La Broutte Park. The constabulary should confront all the drug vending networks. This shall swear out the youth survive more obligated in their conduct. all interdict in Lausanne should open and most in the lawfully stipulated time, (Kratcoski, 2007). The patrol should give beseeming counseling of bars. This shall match creditwor thy beverage from the youths. The guard segment should take the stand readiness and practical application in the line. Furthermore, the police should be super trusty on relations with crime in the city. roughshod should be arrested and prosecuted. Moreover, the police should unendingly determine at that place is clubhouse in Lausanne even in the moment of games or early(a) meaningful activities. The depend is to eliminate pick up the devoid and fire club policing. In fictitious character of any concern, the police should suffice with clear statements to revoke ambiguity. The police spokes person should practise his or her job professionally. The police should come up with a policy that minimizes tenseness amid the force and the members of the cosmos. methodology Questionnaires The query include boastful 20 questionnaires to Lausanne residents. This was through at random. Interviews integrated interviews were conducted to the members of the public w ho were unforced to participate. 10 interviews were conducted with hear to the same. virtue of the search totally respondents were guarantee that the information they gave would be case-hardened with confidence. They overly participated with aware approve