Thursday, October 31, 2019

Charulatha Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Charulatha - Essay Example In the film, the heroine is portrayed as an intelligent woman who writes poetry. Her aesthetic sense of life is captured beautifully throughout the movie; but unfortunately, she becomes relegated to the life of a caged bird in her palatial house. In the opening sequence of the movie, we see Charulatha moves from one window to other to watch the activities of outside world, using opera glasses. The scene clearly shows how curious and keen she is to know the world beyond the walls of her house. This clearly marks a definite deviation from the concepts of upper-class women in the 19th century and the emergence of a modern woman. The utter lack of sensibility of the elite class towards their women is manifest throughout each thread of the masterly theme that weaves the plot of the story. Colonial India in the 19th century was trapped in a vicious hub enforced by religious superstitions and social obscurantism. A few Hindu priests, who had mean objectives, exercised an overwhelming influence on the minds of people. Idolatry and polytheism helped to reinforce their position. The British, who established their political control in India by the middle of the 18th century, were a bit reluctant to interfere in the religious and social affairs of the country due to political reasons as they feared antagonism. They estimated that a divided society would pose less threat to their domination. Still, the British influence on Indian society was tremendous. The trend, especially within the elite class, inclined towards an ardent drive for conforming to British norms.

Tuesday, October 29, 2019

The United States and South Korean view on North Korea Essay Example for Free

The United States and South Korean view on North Korea Essay Abstract: Since the declaration of North Korea’s nuclear experiments, many countries have reacted negatively towards the subject. Most concerns have come from the United States and South Korea, as the two countries have close ideologies on North Korea’s policies. Relatively, the North Korea’s history had its focus on military power, politically. The strategic location of the country around the Sea Japan 50 nm on maritime force and the mountainous terrains between Russia, China and South Korea, makes the area isolated from the influences it could get on the political aspect. Its current leader, Kim Jong IL, has permanently believed on the Juche and Independence. Hence, its subsequent actions towards other countries have been very open in accordance to its motivations. Tying up with the concrete documents and studies on North Korea’s geopolitical position, the observation of United States and South Korea remains concurrent and comprehensive. Historical Background:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Before, North Korea has existing ties with the Soviet Union, giving the country a chance to exploit the relationship of United States and the Soviet Union. However, the wind suddenly blew away from the North Korea’s political objectives, as Soviet Union diminished its relationship with North Korea in the 1980’s. It leaves the country of no military alliance to a powerful country and becomes isolated for a very long period (wiki.galbijim.com, 1993). Because of the subsequent negative events on North Korea, the decision to make talks with South Korea became inevitable in 1984 leaving the South Korea-U.S. team military exercise cancelled in June 1992. Following this action was the Declaration of Denuclearization on the Korean Peninsula on December 31, 1991, which bans the testing, manufacture, production, possession, storage, deployment, receipt, and use of nuclear weapons on the peninsula (wiki.galbjim.com, 1993).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Its resistance to be absorbed by the South Korea’s growing economic success has mediated the motivation of North Korea to make efforts of military advancements, which serves nuclear power as a choice of military force. As the news of nuclear testing in North Korea spread, United States declared a deadline for the country’s submissive alliance to their policies (english.ohmynews.com, 2006). North Korea’s nuclear test in October 9, 2006 has been the desperate option of North Korea to avert a threat in regime collapse and the reunification to South Korea (Jae Hoon, 2006). Objectives: To observe differences between the South Korea’s and United States opinion on North Korea nuclear tests. To describe how the sea power and air force of North Korea has developed after its separation from the Soviet Union. To determine the reasons for its obvious resistance from South Korea’s growing opportunities of political power. To analyze the future methods planned by the United States government against North Korea’s political strategies. To distinguish which countries have the volition over North Korea’s desperate actions concerning military and political methods. Technical Approach:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   This research will examine different sources coming from North Korea’s web archive, the United States’ CIA World Fact book, and articles containing the geopolitical stance of North Korea. Furthermore, it will reexamine the geography and its influence to North Korea’s capability upon its engagement on warfare. Tables, maps and appendices will also be provided when necessary. Bibliography: â€Å"Analysis: Bush Knows that Iran is not North Korea.† 2 November 2007. 30 January 2008. http://www.iran-resist.org/article3948 Avery, E. Squassoni, S. â€Å"North Korea’s Nuclear Test: Motivations, Implications, and U.S. Options.† 24 October 2006. 30 January 2008. http://fas.org/sgp/crs/nuke/RL33709.pdf. Bulychev, G. â€Å"The Geopolitics of the North Korea-South Korea Rail Link to China, Russia and Europe.† 30 May 2006. 30 January 2008. http://www.zmag.org/content/showarticle.cfm?ItemID=10350. Democratic People’s Republic of Korea. â€Å"Politics.† 30 January 2008. http://www.korea-dpr.com/. Democratic People’s Republic of Korea. â€Å"Geography.† 30 January 2008. http://www.korea-dpr.com/. â€Å"Geopolitical Changes: New World Order and North Korean Security.† June 1993. 30 January 2008. http://wiki.galbijim.com/Loc2:Geopolitical_Changes:_New_World_Order_and_North_Korean_Securitys of June 1993. Harding, A. â€Å"South Korea’s Anger Over Nuclear Test.† 14 October 2006. 30 January 2008. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/programmes/from_our_own_correspondent/6048344.stm. Jae Hoon, S. â€Å"North Korea’s Nuclear Gamble.† 10 October 2006. 30 January 2008. http://yaleglobal.yale.edu/display.article?id=8274. Jones, N. â€Å"North Korea’s Nuclear Test and Pacific Geopolitics.† 15 December 2006. 30 January 2008. http://www.globalengage.org/media/article.aspx?id=2032 Kalinowski, J. CIA World Fact book-North Korea. 29 October 2000. 30 January 2008. http://www.everything2.com/index.pl?node_id=1378861. Kim Beng, P. â€Å"A Shift in the Regional Balance of Power After North Koreas Nuclear Test?† 2006. 30 January 2008. http://www.aseanfocus.com/asiananalysis/article.cfm?articleID=995. Klinger, B. â€Å"North Korea: Clouds Block the Sunshine at the Six-Party Talks.† 10 January 2008. 30 January 2008. http://www.heritage.org/Research/AsiaandthePacific/wm1771.cfm. Nicksch, L. â€Å"North Korea’s Nuclear Weapon’s Program.† 5 April 2002. 30 January 2008. Olsen, E. â€Å"U.S.-North Korea: From Brinkmanship to Dialogue.† 1 April 2003. 30 January 2008. http://www.ccc.nps.navy.mil/rsepResources/si/apr03/eastAsia.asp. Pei, M. Mastro, O. â€Å"How to Deal with North Korea.† 31 December 2006. 30 January 2008. http://www.carnegieendowment.org/publications/index.cfm?fa=viewid=18918prog=zch,zgpproj=znpp. Staff Writers. â€Å"North Korea Vows To Bolster Military Power.† 25 March 2007. 30 January 2007. http://www.spacewar.com/reports/North_Korea_Vows_To_Bolster_Military_Power_999.html. Suk, H.H. â€Å"N Korea Military Tactics In A War With US: A Strategy Of Massive Retaliations Against US Attacks.†Ã‚   24 March 2008 http://www.rense.com/general37/nkorr.htm. Tanweer, A. â€Å"North Korea, South Korea: U.S. Policy at the time of Crisis.† Journal of Third World Studies. Spring 2005. 30 January 2008. http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa3821/is_200504/ai_n13642816. Tanaka, A. â€Å"Overview of Geopolitical Risks in Northeast Asia.† 30 January 2008. http://www.sais-jhu.edu/centers/reischauer/MOFTanaka.pdf. Thor. â€Å"Korea, North and South: The Geopolitics of Unification.† 30 January 2001. 30 January 2008. http://thormay.net/koreadiary/northsouth1.html.

Saturday, October 26, 2019

The concept of Work-Life Balance

The concept of Work-Life Balance Introduction The concept of Work Life Balance has always existed, it just wasn’t until recently that experts put a name to it. Employment has been traditionally thought of the means to which you support your personal life, with Work Life Balance principles employers can now gain competitive advantage from creating a more symbiotic relationship with a persons home and work. This allows for lower stress in the work place and greater enjoyment in the home. The results of this are increased performance in the work place and great repertoire for marketing to new employers. As this is difficult to establish in any industry and this is very true with recruitment agencies. The following is breakdown of the Work Life Balance principles along with a company analysis of the Irish Recruitment company CPL. Work Life Balance The major concept of Work Life Balance in employment is that the employer gives the employee the ability to handle their responsibilities in and out of work while generating self worth. This can be done by a multitude of ways: Flexibility Although hard in many industries the company’s structure should enable an employee to work flexible times so that they can satisfy their out of work obligations. This can include anything from leaving early to pick up their children from school to being allowed to work via the Internet when the employee is required to handle home problems like construction work. The requirement of this is simple as the balance of work and life is not something that you can attach an actual number to. Certain weeks your personal life will require more time and other weeks your professional life will need a greater investment, with flexibility in the work place and home you can ensure neither will be neglected.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Achievement As this is a balance between life and work an employee must have the ability to succeed in their profession. The employee needs to be able to succeed in and out of work to achieve this. The structure of the person’s professional life needs to allow for progression in accordance to performance. Through this the person can truly shape their own destiny generating self worth and in conjunction with other work life balance concepts they will be able achieve in home life as well. Enjoyment There are many employees who can be happy in any situation as long as they view it accordingly. Enjoying life is something that everyone can do and is integral to the work life balance. A person must be able to work in a setting that they can not only achieve but also enjoy their success. Tied in with the concept of flexibility a person needs to understand that in order to do well in work you need to be enjoying work and life. A happy person will be able to perform better through increased energy and drive which helps the organization maintain their competitive advantage. â€Å"Conceptually the idea of Work Life Balance seems relatively simple. If you can maintain flexibility, achieve well and enjoy life you can add value to your life† (Holden and Renshaw, 2004, pg 91). This system gets complicated as employers try to help everyone who has similar responsibilities outside of work which creates a strain on the whole performance. The balance itself is there to support the employees so that they support the firm, symbiotic relationships like this are always fragile from their codependence and true balance is near impossible to maintain in certain industries. Recruitment is one of those hard industries. Advantages The main advantage occurring from Work Life Balance policies in an organization is the improved performance from your employees. It has been proven that an employee who has the flexibility in their job to handle their personal lives will produce the following: 1. Higher quality work 2. Less missed time 3. More employer loyalty 4. An overall more enjoyable workplace as all employees are achieving and enjoying 5. More innovative ideas as employees care about their job 6. Strong recruitment marketing for future employees which increase the talent pool This all results in a greater competitive advantage for the firm which will enable them to reach their own goals (Holden and Renshaw, 2004). Irish Recruitment Industry Ireland’s economy is booming but is also in close proximity to the powerful pound of the UK. This has resulted in a very cutthroat recruitment industry where people vie for coveted positions. The result of this has been a large hindrance for employees ability to manage their Work Life balance. Several forces are the result of this trend. Company example- CPL Background Information CPL was founded in 1989 to capitalize on the strengthening information technology industry in Ireland. The founded, Anne Heraty worked as a self employed recruiter until she managed to gain enough clients to hire more and expand. The company went public in 1999 for added investor support to promote their current expansion trends. From there the company has grown to employing over 2,750 temporary staff at any one point and being the largest recruitment company in Ireland. Current actions to promote work life balance Educational Policy Promoting greater opportunities within the work place, CPL has used a very flexible educational policy to promote a work life balance. Within their scheme they are willing to pay for an employees education as long as it is something that will benefit the firm. On top of this any employee currently studying receives five extra days of holiday on top of their regular annual leave to further encourage self improvement.   Being an employee with them means that you are entitled to any number of their educational schemes including: 1. Conflict Management- where they learn about how to deal with problems with other employees, clients or suppliers 2. 5 minute manager- learn general management skills 3. Business strategy- learn basic competitive strategy principles 4. Any education- any external education can be funded by CPL and given the extra holiday time. Leave Policies CPL strives to ensure that large leave requirements are handled as fairly as possible. They are ranked in the top 25 companies in Ireland to work for and one of their main strengths is the benefits they give their employees for certain personal life requirements. This includes paid leave for pregnancy, marriage, family tragedy, illness. Along with this they also give guaranteed job placement after these leaves should the employees return as added incentive. Problems Personal Performance Recruiters work under a single company name but the main bulk of their wages is dependent on personal performance. A recruiter normally is required to establish new clients for the firm and they are paid in accordance to the amount of employees they place. Within this the recruiters all have their own team of temporary employees in which they find work for from the client field. Being paid in accordance to these principles makes it very difficult for employees to operate within a Work Life Balance as they are required to work longer hours to earn more money as well as constantly recruit new talent to further their goals. Flexible hours in this situation are near impossible to do as CPL expects their recruiters to perform for the client as well as any time taken off directly affects your wages. This is slightly different for the placed temporary employees but they still are required to perform exceptionally well in each job they take to ensure that they will be given another. The jobs they take are normally to cover someone who needed leave for personal responsibilities or to handle increased work load, either one the employers expect the worker to fill in the gaps and take little to no time off for themselves. Personal performance standards do not just hurt the required working hours for the employee but also takes away from the job enjoyment. Trying to find new clients can sometimes place the recruiters into direct competition with each other that increases the overall stress in the work place. This leaves room for professional achievement but little for personal enjoyment which is detrimental to the balance. Client Orientated hours- Not work load orientated The recruiters and temporary workers both are required to adhere to the volume of jobs available instead of a standard work load. CPL employees do not know when the demand for their services will increase or decrease and neither does CPL management, what this ends in is you are required to work around your client’s needs. Working around the needs of your client disables your ability to take flexible hours for your self as if CPL cannot handle the clients needs when they need it then they will just go to the next recruiter. Not having a standard amount of work to complete in the course of the day automatically hinders the employees Work Life Balance. Having low volume of work does not mean that the employee can take time off for personal reasons as that may not be required at the time. For a person to establish work life balance they need to have both flexible. Cutthroat industry standards The recruitment industry is extremely competitive as they all strive for the same competitive advantages. The cost of the temp employees is dictate by the job not by the standard at which the temp agency operates. That means all recruiters are trying to operate on the highest quality to ensure they maintain high volume performance. Having an entire industry based around this means everyone needs to be fighting for their own positions or they will lose contractors and clients. Recruiters are expected to work those extra hours in order to produce results and increase client relationships for future work. CPL is an industry leader in Ireland for these reasons which once again gives strong opportunities for employees to achieve and enjoy their professional life but difficult for the flexibility requirement in their personal life. Volume orientated performance A recruiter is paid based on the amount of employees they place in jobs. The nature of this payment means right away that in order to succeed the recruiter will be required to sacrifice more time. Work Life Balance in this situation cannot exist as for the employee to achieve and enjoy one, they must sacrifice the other. End Result Work Life Balance in the recruitment industry is near impossible to maintain. Employees are required to work around the requirements of the clients instead of what is set forth by the company. On top of this employees also are paid in accordance to the volume of service they provide with a requirement to continue to produce high quality. This results in a system which requires the employees to achieve only within the company and is forced to constantly be on call for client requirements. This makes it very difficult for employees to establish a solid Work Life Balance as all their professional achievement is based on catering to the job first. Recommendations Remote Working As recruiters are basically operating as small businesses on their own within CPL, they should have the option of working from home if required. Company calling cards and remote internet access will allow the recruiter to stay in touch with clients and employees at all times to handle any problems should they arise. Although this should not be the norm, it will allow for employees to establish a more balance life outside of work so that they can lower stress and perform better within the job. Client Contacts As the normal case for recruitment agencies is that each recruiter has their own contractor squad and own set of repeat clients it would be very effective to the Work Life Balance for recruiters to stop working on a personal performance standard and focused more on their ability to perform as a team. By having key contacts for a client but not necessarily only one contact can enable for some flexibility in the work place along with a more diverse employee pool to satisfy the client needs. This also helps with increasing the enjoyment and achievement within the organization as employees are now working towards a great good together instead of being in competition with each other. Cross Training CPL had it right by offering educational programs for their employees. Educating the employees allows for them to not only be happier in the job but also gives them opportunities to stretch out into new fields which can be very fulfilling. Within this they should try and institute cross training practices to create an internal structure in the organization that can support many stresses. Having employees who can cover for each other will create a sense of unity along with enabling people who have other responsibilities to handle those as well. These concepts are key to the Work Life Balance. Employee Services CPL is a large enough organization that they should look into having services which can help support employees personal lives. Several example services to support the employees Work Life Balance are as follows: 1. Day care center 2. Dog walking service 3. Activity days for employees 4. Career counseling 5. Benefit packages Implementation Plan Remote working is something that can be started right away as it only requires minimal IT servicing to set up a remote portal. Calling cards or company mobiles can also be purchased and given out with little work. The cross training program can fall under the current policies that they have for education but will require an analysis of current operations to see what training will be required. Employee services will require a longer implementation period as the needs and plausibility of each service will need to be accessed then the resources will need to be found in order to create the required packages. Conclusion Work Life Balance is hard to be developed in industry which is highly competitive and based on personal performance. An employee cannot establish a balance as there is a teeter totter effect occurring with work performance. For an employee to succeed within a recruitment agency, they need skill but they also need to invest time. Recruiters them selves see a direct comparison to the amount of time they spend in a job and how much they earn while the contractors need to commit large amounts of time to a job where they cannot satisfy any other personal responsibilities as the client is paying for stability. As a company within recruitment CPL is trying to help establish this balance but their current situation makes it hard for them to be a front runner on these ideals. CPL can institute policies which will help alleviate the strain on an employees balance but it will always be difficult to establish equilibrium as per the industry standards. Bibliography Holden, Robert and Renshaw, Ben. Balancing Life and Work Dorling Kindersley, 2004. â€Å"CPL homepage† http://www.cpl.ie   update March 2005. Accessed April 16th 2005. â€Å"CIPD- The human resources development website† http://www.cipd.co.uk/subjects/wrkgtime/leave updated August 17 2004. Accessed 16th April 2005.

Friday, October 25, 2019

Andrew Jackson Essay -- Biography Biographies

Andrew Jackson â€Å"I cannot be intimidated from doing that which my judgment and conscience tell me is right by any earthly power.† This quote by Jackson underlies the fact the he was a selfish, tyrannical ruler. He did not make decisions based on the interests of the whole nation but on his own personal benefit, in search of self- achievement. Although he was portrayed or possibly manipulated the citizens to believe that he was a president for the common man, that was simply not the way he acted. As president, he purposely ignored the power of the Judicial branch to judge laws, and strengthened the power of the Executive branch above the limits in the Constitution. He was also said to be rude and uneducated, which might have led to the reasons why he was such a power hungry tyrant; but before one makes this harsh judgment they must first realize the type of life that Andrew Jackson lived. It almost certainly was the main reason why his thought process was so different from the regular wealthy, educated earlier presidents. The third child of Irish immigrants, he joined the Army when he was only thirteen years old. Although he was young he had already developed hatred towards the British, because his oldest brother was killed fighting in the Revolution. Even though Jackson was an exceptional soldier, both him and his middle brother were captured by British troops. After their mother pleaded for their release, the boys were set free, but due to the poor living conditions of the army camp, Jackson’s family was overcome by the smallpox disease. Leaving him all alone in life. This traumatic time in his life could have been the start of all his psychological problems. It seems that trouble almost always found Jackson. After being a lawyer for only a few years, an argument with another lawyer in the town led to an insult. Eventually Jackson challenged the man to a duel. Things did not look good for Jackson's opponent because Jackson was a notoriously good shot, but at the last minute Jackson offered his enemy some bacon and a joke, and they laughed together. This shows Jackson had the power to manipulate people. In just a few years of law Jackson, now eighteen met his soon to be wife, Rachel Robards. There was a small problem though†¦Rachel was married. But Jackson being the terrifying man that he was, played with a huge knife during the divorce trial; this p... ...er as president by exceeding his limits and allowing his personal happiness and emotions influence his decisions that may have affected him positively but affected the rest of the United States in a negative way; which was unbelievably selfish. He left the nation with confusion and failures instead of contributing to it, achievements. Jackson once said, â€Å"I know what I am fit for. I can command a body of men in a rough way; but I am not fit to be President.† I do not think he realized how right he was. Bibliography 1. Cayton, Andrew, Perry, Elisabeth I. and Allan M. Winkler. American Pathways to the Present. Needham: Prentice Hall, 1995 2. Kunhardt, Phillip B, Phillip III and Paul. â€Å"Andrew Jackson the 7th president.† The American President. (April 9, 2000): Online. Internet. May 2, 2001 3. Jackson, Andrew. â€Å"First Inaugural Address.† Inaugural addresses of the Presidents of the United States. (1989): p.3 4. Jackson, Andrew. â€Å"Second Inaugural Address.† Inaugural addresses of the Presidents of the United States. (1989): p.2 5. Zinn, Howard. †As Long as the Grass Grows or Water Runs † A Peoples History of the United States: 1492 to Present. New York City: Harper Collins, 1999

Wednesday, October 23, 2019

Geological Resources In Hong Kong Environmental Sciences Essay

Hong Kong is a little particular administrative part located at the southern portion of China. Within a little country, it has a really rich geological diverseness ( Yeung, 2010 ) . The geological diverseness can be valued in assorted facets, depending on which parties can be benefited. Some of the values can be regarded as resources, which can be used to make good to human existences. The geological resources profit our life in different ways, such as in our economic system, society and the environment. In this essay, it is traveling to concentrate how different geological resources benefit Hong Kong people in inside informations. When speaking approximately geological resources, most people would believe of mineral ore. There are different minerals ores distributed across Hong Kong, both metallic and non-metallic one, such as the lead mine in Lin Ma Hang and the tungsten mine in Needle Hill, but all of them are closed due to no net income ( Sewell, Tang, & A ; Shaw, 2009 ) . Although the economic system of Hong Kong is no longer based with primary industry now, there was a flourishing excavation industrial activity in the yesteryear. This was the Fe ore located in Ma On Shan which was the lone industrial mine running in a big graduated table of all time in the history of Hong Kong ( Ruan, 2009 ) . The formation of the Fe ore is due to the endogenic procedures, which is described as the followers ( Wu, 2003 ) . The volcanic activities in Ma On Shan country 1000000s old ages ago causes magma invasion. Before the volcanic activity, the type of stones in Ma On Shan was chiefly sedimentary stone. The invasion along faults causes chemical reaction between the stone and the magma, known as contact metamorphism. High temperature and force per unit area modifies the chemical science of the affected sedimentary stones, and go metamorphous stone ( Skarn ) . As the sedimentary stone is more permeable, H2O infiltrates. Magma heats up the H2O. As hot H2O has higher solubility, it solutes the minerals in the magma and brings to the lower temperature topographic points harmonizing to the jurisprudence of geothermic gradient. The fluid is known as geothermofluid. Minerals in the geothermofluid sedimentation when the H2O temperature drops, as the solubility of minerals reduces. The perennial procedure causes enrichment of minerals and forms the Fe ore. The environing country of the mine has developed quickly with schools, markets and church established, to function the mineworkers and their households. However, the Fe mine has been abandoned in 1976, go forthing a few mineworkers remaining at that place with empty schools and church ( Ho, 2009 ) . The geological resources in Ma On Shan witnessed the rise and autumn of a topographic point and the people. The topographic point now becomes a site for tourers to boost, to hold merriment and to research the excavation history. Non-metallic mineral Besides minerals that can be sold for net income, rock quarrying and sea sand excavation can non be ignored because they are indispensable for the development of Hong Kong. Hong Kong has rich screen of volcanic stones with 50 % and 35 % of flinty stone ( Geopark, 2009 ) . They are utile for building. There are three preies, managed by CEDD, located in Lam Tei, Anderson Road and Shek O, which are really of import in supplying edifice stuffs for the building undertakings ( CEDD, 2009 ) . Furthermore, the stone stuffs are besides used for reclamination in developing the new towns every bit good as for the Victoria Harbour. The dirt and stone minerals in the borrow country in Tai Tong East were extracted for the building of Tin Shui Wai New Town. Some of the stones in the preies and the sea sand from the sea were used for the reclamination undertakings along the Victoria Harbour. Without these resources to increase the sum of level land, it is non easy to happen adequate infinites to busy a big sum of population in Hong Kong. Rock quarrying has a really long history in Hong Kong which can be traced back to the yesteryear when the Hong Kong had non yet opened by the British people. During that clip, Hakka people settled in different topographic points in Hong Kong, trusting on rock quarrying for life. One of the celebrated sites is the Four Hills in the East Kowloon, which are Ngau Tau Kok, Sai Tso Wan, Cha Kwo Ling and Lei Yue Mun, stand foring the beginning of rock quarrying history by Hakka people in Hong Kong ( Yu, 2009 ) . The Hakka people have use the local stuffs to construct their houses and the stuffs are granite ( Wordie, 2007 ) . The Hakka people besides earned their life through pull outing the granite by manus and sold it. Their stones have become the building stuffs of some of import edifices such as the Legislative Council Building ( Sing Tao Daily, 2007 ) . Some of the stones are sold to Guangzhou to construct the Sacred Heart Cathedral in 1861 ( Wordie, 2007 ) . With such rich in resources, people get richer and the Hakka small towns started to turn. Their rock-mining narrative can be reflected in the Hakka common people vocal every bit good ( Li, 2010 ) . Therefore, the geological resources helped to put down the foundation of their Hakka civilization in East Kowloon. In add-on, it besides reflects the character of hardworking of Hakka people and their part to the society development. The chemical weathering of felspar in granite leads to the formation of china clay ( Waugh, 2005 ) . Therefore, kaolin mine can be found in Cha Kwo Ling in East Kowloon every bit good. Another celebrated site utilizing china clay as the beginning for doing China is in a Hakka small town in Wun Yiu in Tai Po. In fact, the name of the topographic point reflects its economic activity V doing China. Wun Yiu has established since the in-between age of Ming Dynasty ( Chen, 2007 ) . The Hakka built a temple to praise the Saint of Potter V Fan Xian ( OA?P ) . Every twelvemonth, the Hakka people in the small town observe its birthday which is a alone civilization in that topographic point ( Chan, 2008 ) . However, due to cut downing militias of china clay, the china-making activities was stopped in 1930s and the villagers changed to farming to gain a life ( Chan, 2008 ) . The jubilation still continues. The geological resources non merely profit the economic system in at that place, but besid es of import to their civilization and the societal coherence. Agribusiness Besides direct stuffs extraction, human sorts so indirectly extract the minerals in dirt through agribusiness. Soil is besides an of import geological resource to people. Fertile dirts are normally weathered from pyrogenic stones because pyrogenic stones are formed in the beginning of the stone rhythm ( Troeh & A ; Thompson, 2005 ) : In the beginning of stone rhythm, the stone signifiers from chilling of lava or magma which keeps most of the minerals. By the procedures of enduring and eroding, the pyrogenic stone will be broken in pieces and transported to other topographic points through erosional agents. During the procedure of transit, the minerals in the pyrogenic stone will be lost to the environment such as solution in H2O. As a consequence, the minerals in the sedimentary stones are few, comparing with pyrogenic stone, so the dirt derived from sedimentary stones is sterile. In Hong Kong, pyrogenic stone has the largest surface screen for approximately 85 % ( Geopark, 2009 ) , so most of the land is suited for the flora growing. Generally, the agricultural lands are found on or shut to the pyrogenic stone, particularly the volcanic stones. For illustration, the dirts and the minerals on the mountains in Lam Tusen, which the type of the stone on the mountains is volcanic stone, are carried to the low-lying land to enrich the dirt. Therefore, agricultural activities are active along the Lam Tusen Valley. Without the volcanic stones, the life of the people in there will be really rough as turning nutrient on an sterile land is hard. For that ground, geological resources, in this instance, are indispensable for the endurance of human existences. Tourism The weather-beaten and scoured stones are besides geological resources which are of import for the development of touristry. In Hong Kong, there are different landscapes characteristics are associated with different geological procedures. Due to strong predominating air current from the E, it is easy to happen erosional coastal characteristics in the eastern portion of Hong Kong, by the action of moving ridges ( Sewell, Tang, & A ; Shaw, 2009 ) . In Tung Ping Chau, sea stack, sea cave and wave-cut platform can be found ( Ng & A ; Chan, 2008 ) . These characteristics provide beautiful sceneries for the tourers to astonish and appreciate. Besides costal eroding, weathering is besides of import in determining the stone characteristics. For illustration in Po Toi, there are a batch of interesting and typical stone characteristics on the island, such as the Buddhist Monk and the Tortoise Traveling up the Hill ( Ng & A ; Chan, 2008 ) . These geological resources are recreational musca volitanss for people to bask during vacations. Such characteristics have attracted a batch of tourers from local and abroad, which can assist to advance the local touristry in Hong Kong. Hong Kong has a great geodiveristy and has a possible to set up a Geopark. With the aid of the Chinese Government, the Geopark is officially opened on 3 November 2009 ( Government News, 2009 ) . The geopark is divided into two chief parts, which are the sedimentary stone parts in the Northeast New Territories and the volcanic stone parts in Sai Kung, with a sum of eight scenery sites ( HKSAR, 2010 ) . In the beginning of six months since the park established, it has attracted more than half million visitants ( Huang, 2010 ) . These tourers spend money on booking boats, engaging a usher, basking the seafood on the outlying islands and purchasing traditional seafood from the villagers. In add-on to the outgos passing outside the park, the gross generated from touristry due to the geopark, is expected about 200 million dollars a twelvemonth ( Ming Pao, 2010 ) . With the use of the geological resources, it contributes to our economic system development and provides occupations chances fo r the local people. It can heighten the image and repute of touristry industry of Hong Kong every bit good ( Huang & A ; Weng, 2009 ) . Education and scientific research Furthermore, these sites have instruction and scientific values to people. For instruction intents, these geological landforms provide a platform for people and particularly the childs to understand the endogenic procedures and exogenetic procedures in determining the Earth surface. It is astonishing to cognize the power of the Nature. The characteristics will non be formed in the manner the fables told us, such as the Amah Rock was formed because the God turns the adult female and the babe into stone ( Cai, 2009 ) . In fact, the formation of the Amah Rock is due to different sorts of enduring procedures acted on granite. Another illustration is Ma Shi Chau Special Area where is a best topographic point for geographics lesson, as sedimentary stones, coastal landforms, turn uping and blaming can be found on this small island ( Wong, 2009 ) . Therefore, the geological resources help us to heighten our physical geographics cognition. For scientific values, the research workers and experts can understand the development of the Earth history through reading the stone samples. By understanding our yesteryear, the geological history of Hong Kong can be reviewed and so it can be used to foretell the hereafter. The environmental alteration can be identified as good, such as low-lying rise and clime alteration. They are utile for environmental modeling for scientific research. Other geological history, the human sort history can be studied, as the dirt under the surface keeps the artefacts for the archeologists in future to delve them up. In add-ons, geodiversity supports biodiversity, through supplying nutrients for workss and home grounds for animate beings ( Ng, 2006 ) . By understanding of the maps of stones and their relationship, it can increase the public consciousness that protecting stones is a manner to protect the natural ecosystems. Therefore, the geological resources are important in assisting instruction and scientific research. Burial things The geological resources can lend the society through supplying topographic points to bury our refuse. In Hong Kong, happening a topographic point to bury our tremendous refuse produced every twenty-four hours is hard. Presently, the society has a hot argument on the issue of spread outing the landfill site in Tseung Kwan O, doing the authorities in a hard state of affairs ( Guo, 2010 ) . Other than burying refuse, burying dead organic structures is another job that the authorities has to cover with. The deficit of infinites for hive awaying ashes is limited. Some lands are converted into ash Fieldss by some private developers to gain net income, even though some of them have non received permission from the authorities ( Cheung & A ; Wong, 2010 ) . In order to work out the jobs, the direction of the geological resources V land, has to be careful to avoid farther complications. Legends and civilization Finally, some of the typical stone characteristics has become a fable or being praised for its supernatural power. For fable, the Amah Rock is an illustration. One of the illustrations is the Lovers Rock in Bowen Road in the Mid-level. During the Chinese Valentine Day, a figure of people would see Lovers Rock to wish a durable relationship or hold a boy- or girlfriend ( Lu & A ; Mai, 2003 ) . For Lion Rock, it gives a sense of properties and a contemplation to the character of Hong Kong people. The geological resources provide a platform for people s imaginativeness and creativeness. It besides gives faith to people who are confused or without confident. Therefore, it contributes to our psychological science. Decision To reason, the geological resources are rich in this small metropolis. There are metallic and non-metallic minerals which support the local civilization, economical development and the infrastructural buildings. The typical landforms encourage touristries and so provide occupation chances. The geological characteristics can ease the instruction and scientific research. Last, the legendised stone characteristics give some cultural values to Hong Kong. These resources are indispensable to our day-to-day life as we depends it for money, nutrient, lodging and besides the psychological demands. Therefore, the geological resources should be treasured as they belong to each of us in Hong Kong. We have to collaborate together to protect them before it is excessively late.

Tuesday, October 22, 2019

Learn Facts About the Geography of U.S. State of Iowa

Learn Facts About the Geography of U.S. State of Iowa Population: 3,007,856 (2009 estimate)Capital: Des MoinesBordering States: Minnesota, South Dakota, Nebraska, Missouri, Illinois, WisconsinLand Area: 56,272 square miles (145,743 sq km)Highest Point: Hawkeye Point at 1,670 feet (509 m)Lowest Point: Mississippi River at 480 feet (146 m) Iowa is a state located in the Midwest of the United States. It became a part of the U.S. as the 29th state to be admitted into the Union on December 28, 1846. Today Iowa is known for its economy based on agriculture as well as food processing, manufacturing, green energy and biotechnology. Iowa is also considered one of the safest places to live in the U.S. Ten Geographic Facts to Know About Iowa 1) The area of present-day Iowa has been inhabited as long as 13,000 years ago when hunters and gatherers moved into the region. During more recent times, various Native American tribes developed complex economic and social systems. Some of these tribes include the Illiniwek, Omaha and Sauk. 2) Iowa was first explored by Jacques Marquette and Louis Jolliet in 1673 when they were exploring the Mississippi River. During their exploration, Iowa was claimed by France and it remained a French territory until 1763. At that time, France transferred control of Iowa to Spain. In the 1800s, France and Spain built various settlements along the Missouri River but in 1803, Iowa came under U.S. control with the Louisiana Purchase. 3) Following the Louisiana Purchase, the U.S. had a hard time controlling the Iowa region and built several forts throughout the area after conflicts like the War of 1812. American settlers then began moving to Iowa in 1833, and on July 4, 1838, the Territory of Iowa was established. Eight years later on December 28,1846, Iowa became the 29th U.S. state. 4) Throughout the rest of the 1800s and into the 1900s, Iowa became an agricultural state after the expansion of railroads across the U.S. After World War II and the Great Depression however, Iowas economy began to suffer and in the 1980s the Farm Crisis caused a recession in the state. As a result, Iowa today has a diversified economy. 5) Today, most of Iowas three million residents live in the states urban areas. Des Moines is the capital and largest city in Iowa, followed by Cedar Rapids, Davenport, Sioux City, Iowa City and Waterloo. 6) Iowa is divided into 99 counties but has 100 county seats because Lee County currently has two: Fort Madison and Keokuk. Lee County has two county seats because there were disagreements between the two about which would be the county seat after Keokuk was established in 1847. These disagreements led to the formation of a second court-designated county seat. 7) Iowa is bordered by six different U.S. states, the Mississippi River to the east and the Missouri and Big Sioux Rivers on the west. Most of the states topography consists of rolling hills and due to prior glaciations in some portions of the state, there are some steep hills and valleys. Iowa also has many large natural lakes. The largest of these are Spirit Lake, West Okoboji Lake and East Okoboji Lake. 8) Iowas climate is considered humid continental and as such it has cold winters with snowfall and hot and humid summers. The average July temperature for Des Moines is 86ËšF (30ËšC) and the average January low is 12ËšF (-11ËšC). The state is also known for severe weather during the spring and thunderstorms and tornadoes are not uncommon. 9) Iowa has a number of different large colleges and universities. The largest of these are Iowa State University, the University of Iowa, and the University of Northern Iowa. 10) Iowa has seven different sister states - some of these include Hebei Province, China, Taiwan, China, Stavropol Krai, Russia and Yucatan, Mexico. To learn more about Iowa, visit the states official website. References Infoplease.com. (n.d.). Iowa: History, Geography, Population and State Facts- Infoplease.com. Retrieved from: infoplease.com/ipa/A0108213.html Wikipedia.com. (23 July 2010). Iowa - Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iowa

Monday, October 21, 2019

Ansel Adams essays

Ansel Adams essays Ansel Adams was born on February 20th, 1920 in San Francisco. His dads name was Charles while his moms name was Olive. As a young student Ansel often interrupted his classes because he was unable to stand the confinement of the classroom. His father decided that Ansels formal education was best ended. From that point on Ansel Adams was home-schooled. He learned Greek, the English Classics, algebra and geography. He especially loved geography. In 1916 Ansel was given a gift from his parents while on a family vacation in Yosemite National Park. This very special gift was a Kodak Box Brownie. IT allowed him for the first time ever to record the wondrous images that he already perceived in the natural beauty around him. In 1925 Ansel decides that he wants to be a pianist and buys a grand piano. In 1929 Ansel Adams married Virginia Best and for the first two years of his marriage he wavered between his two possible career choices, music and photography. Ansel decides on taking one of his friends coarse on photography. Once he realized how much people loved his work he joined Willard Van Dyke, Imogen Cunningham, Edward Weston, Henry Swift, Sonya Noskowiak, and Jon Paul Edwards to form f/64, a group dedicated to the concept of photography that looked like photography, not like an imitation of other art forms. Their exhibitions produced a lot of comment although most of it was negative. In March of 1933 Ansel Adams met renowned photographer and patron Alfred Stieglitz, husband of Georgia OKeefe who was the owner of An American Place gallery and a powerful influence on artists of that time. Alfred was impressed with Ansels work and mounted an exhibition for him in November of 1936. Ansel also worked in the commercial field, taking pictures of everything from raisin bread to glassware to bathrobes for a Christmas catalog. It was not his favorite work, but it paid the rent and allowed hi ...

Sunday, October 20, 2019

Environmenatl Management of CCG Operations essays

Environmenatl Management of CCG Operations essays The Canadian Coast Guard (CCG) is responsible for providing navigational aids throughout the province. These aids guide marine traffic through the dangerous waters that surround the island. Maintaining these aids is time consuming and requires many different divisions of the CCG to work together to provide a quality services while trying to protect the environment. Over the many years of lightstation operations in the Newfoundland region, a considerable amount of contamination has accumulated on these sites. In 1994 the CCG began cleaning up the lightstation sites by using bio remediation to degrade petroleum hydrocarbons and by removing other contaminants such as battery debris, metallic mercury, and metal/ wood debris. The CCG also has to maintain hundreds of buoys distributed around the province. In the past these buoys were powered by large lead acid batteries found inside the buoy, but the CCG has now converted all its floating buoys to solar powered units that require very little maintenance. Another aspect of these buoys that has been addressed by the CCG is the waste produced as a result of painting these buoys. Each year thousands of gallons of solvent waste are disposed of through qualified disposal companies, but in 2002 the CCG implemented a solvent recycling system that has reduced the waste being disposed of by %80. ii. DFO - Department of Fisheries and Oceans iii. TPH - Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons vi. CCME - Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment 2.2.1 Health and Safety Issues 6 2.2.2 Environmental Issues 7 4.1 Solar Powered Lighting System 11 The Canadian Coast Guard (CCG) is an operational and technical support division of the Department of Fisheries and Oceans (DFO) that is responsible for various levels of marine safety and environmentally responsible use of Canadian waters. As a part of these responsibilities the CCG has to provide technical and maintenance su...

Saturday, October 19, 2019

Main Features of Enterprise and Entrepreneurial Management Essay

Main Features of Enterprise and Entrepreneurial Management - Essay Example This is why generating ideas is important, to identity potential innovations in either advertising or actual product development. Certain products and services have limited life cycles, meaning that they move from launch to growth to maturity in shorter periods of time (Keegan and Green, 2009). In order to maintain competitiveness, an entrepreneur must always develop new concepts in order to create products or services with longer sales potential and keep the business distinctive and original from competing firms. Strategic objectives are defined as â€Å"short-term statements that detail specifically how an organisation will achieve its long-term goals† (Nickels, McHugh and McHugh, 2005: 215). Once ideas have been generated about how the business will position itself, it is necessary to set-up and identify the steps required to achieve long-term strategy. This might include conceiving how to establish an organisational structure (vertical or horizontal), how to focus on human resources for people development, or determine advertising strategy. Objectives are important as they serve as a framework for how the business will achieve long-term market position or growth. Market analysis and market research Boone and Kurtz (2005) again identify the importance of market analysis, which is understanding what consumers value, their purchasing preferences and their lifestyle or family trends. A business must conduct either qualitative or quantitative research to determine how to segment customers for marketing and also how to target them effectively with promotions, pricing and advertising. The company can perform surveys or questionnaires, as two examples, in order to determine how it will provide effective products and services that will be appreciated and adopted by selected target customers. It is necessary for the entrepreneur to understand these consumer attitudes in a variety of different dimensions for the business to be able to compete successfully. Mark et analysis is about gaining knowledge of buyer behaviour and then applying customer service principles that will best satisfy customer needs. Market analysis is also about understanding the different forces that impact business success or will contribute to its failure. Michael Porter developed a framework known as the Five Forces Model that describes risk of competition, supplier and buyer power in the market, and threat of substitute products (Porter, 2011). A business needs to understand the volume of competition in the industry in order to develop a risk management model. Since entrepreneurs will also be procuring inventories from various vendors, the business needs to conduct market analysis to understand how much leveraging power it will have against suppliers and how to establish an efficient supply and value chain framework. It is vital to have knowledge of how the external market operates and this can only be accomplished through market analysis processes, such as PEST ana lyses. Understanding competition â€Å"To differentiate means to create a benefit that customers perceive as being of greater value to them than what they can get elsewhere† (Zwierzynski, 2009: 1). An entrepreneur must understand what competition is doing in terms of product delivery, service principles, or even advertising in order to create a unique market positioning strategy. Without knowledge of what competition is performing in the industry, it will be impossible to innovate to make differentiated products

Friday, October 18, 2019

Reprt Lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Reprt - Lab Report Example The value of Gs is a numerical value with no units and does not depend on which system of units is used since it is a ratio. The specific gravity of liquid is a significant parameter in industrial processes, and it is a factor in most equations that involve weight-volume relationships. For instance if during an industrial process sugar syrup or salt solution is needed, it can be easily determined if the solution has the correct concentration by measuring its specific gravity at a particular temperature. The specific gravity for liquids can be written as: Gs = density of the density (g/cm3)/ density of water (g/cm3) Theory: Specific gravity is the ratio of the density of a fluid to the density of water at a constant temperature. Specific gravity can be calculated directly from the measured density of a liquid divided by the density of distilled water. A suitable alternative method is use a hydrometer. This is a specially calibrated instrument made of a hollow glass float designed to f loat vertically in liquids of different densities. The depth to which the hydrometer sinks in the liquid represents the density of the liquid. The instrument has a calibrated scale on its stem which is used to read specific gravity. The diameter of the stem determines the sensitivity of the stem. An exceptionally sensitive hydrometer has a thin stem and a large bulb (Frey, 44). Experimental Procedure The glass cylinder was placed on a flat level surface and filled with sample liquid to allow air to rise to the top. The hydrometer was gently lowered into the flask with the bulb end facing down without it coming into contact with the sides of the fluid. The measurements of specific gravity measurements for each of the two fluid samples were taken and recorded with the hydrometer floating freely in the fluid. The hydrometer was removed and the procedure repeated nine times for each of the two liquids. The values of specific gravities were compared. Description of apparatus: Hydrometer, glass cylinders Data: Measurements Sample S Sample E 1 1110 900 2 1120 890 3 1123 870 4 1124 860 5 1110 890 6 1100 900 7 1110 890 8 1120 880 9 1000 900 10 1110 890 average 1102.7 887 Results/calculations: Average specific gravity for sample S = (1110 +1120+ 1123+ 1124 +1110 +1100 +1110 +1120+ 1000+ 1110) /10 =1102.7 Average specific gravity for sample = (900 +890+ 870+ 860+ 890+ 900 +890 +880+900 +890) /10 =887 Conclusion/discussion: The specific gravity of a liquid is the same everywhere since it is the ratio of the density of the liquid to the density of water at 40C whereas density is mass per unit volume. The volume and mass remain constant but weight changes on the moon. The hydrometer sinks deeper in lighter liquids than the heavier ones due to the fact that heavier liquids are denser than lighter ones. In this experiment, the average specific gravity or each of the two liquids is 1102.7 and 887 respectively. Thus, the denser of the liquids, the higher the specific gravity ob tained. This explains why it is easier to swim in sea water than swimming pools due to the fact that density of sea water is higher than that of swimming pool water. The existence of salt increases the density of sea water. The specific gravity of fluids was successfully obtained using the hydrometer; thus the goal of the experiment was achieved. Work cited Frey, Walter.

ASSIGNMENT 3 ANALYSING A PROBLEM AND SUGGESTING COMPLEX SOLUTIONS Essay

ASSIGNMENT 3 ANALYSING A PROBLEM AND SUGGESTING COMPLEX SOLUTIONS (CORBY PROJECT REPORT) - Essay Example Corby community consists of Lincoln way and kingwood estates. A Corby study carried out on the community aimed at identifying issues affecting the social development. These issues were identifiable using various techniques all discussed critically in the report. However, the main mode of data collection was interviewing. For example, Chelsea an MI client who lives in Lincoln way estate remained interviewed together with other members of the community. Appropriate interventions are also discussed and a justification for their implementation given. The assessment of real needs in the Lincoln way and Kingwood community in Corby remained carried out using various investigatory techniques. It is only through needs assessment that a community’s needs are addressed (Brett, 2012, p. 143). The techniques used in Corby case study aimed at identifying problems facing Lincoln way and kingwood community. They also provided facts and data to help in making of correct decisions and acquire feedback on community’s preferences and priorities. From the investigations, the study establishes interventions in response to social development situation in the community. This technique involves collecting and assessing information of interest (Israel, 2008, p. 49). It is carried out in an organized manner to enable easy answering of questions in relation to needs assessed. Research helps in testing proposition, evaluate results and establish necessary interventions towards the needs. In Corby case study, use of this technique enabled collection of data about social development issues affecting the community and its environs. From these data, the researchers of the case study made decisions on what is required as a remedy to the need in social development. Structured surveys in the Corby case study occured in three major ways including telephone, face to face and questionnaires. Through the survey, need gap in social development department in

Accounting ...Auditing assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Accounting ...Auditing - Assignment Example For A & E cycle, there could be complex transactions expenses that cannot be classified with precision. Similarly, production cycle is faced by the complexities in method to use in valuing stock and goods produced. Secondly, the inherent risks in all the three cycles would affect both the balance sheet and income statement of the business. R & C cycle may either increase or reduce the receivables and cash and this would at the same time affect the income reported by the business. Inherent risks in A & E cycles affects the expenses reported thus affecting income statement. Likewise, wrong valuing of stock affects the inventory value in the balance sheet and also closing stock which alters the income reported. In all the three cycles, the inherent risk is increases by the fact that there are external parties’ dealings. These parties include the suppliers, debtors, and creditors. Fraudulent actions of these parties increase the inherent risks. In as much as there are similarities in the inherent risk in the three cycles, there are also some differences. Inherent risks in these cycles differ because of the differences in the nature of transactions involved. In R &C cycle, the asset involved is cash, A &E also involves majorly cash asset while and production cycle inventory is at risk. The three cycles are also characterized by different accounting standard requirements (Louwers 53). The manner of recognizing receivables is different from that of valuing stock or purchasing materials in the production cycle hence making their inherent risk different. R $ C cycle is entails the determination of the business debtors and the amount they owe to the business. The relevant department has to identify all the debtors and examine the credit period agreement. They then make the claims for the money and adjust their debtors’ balances. Source documents include sales order, credit

Thursday, October 17, 2019

Saving the Environment and the Bottom Line Essay - 1

Saving the Environment and the Bottom Line - Essay Example Environmental Protection Agency which seeks to protect the future of our nations water supply by offering people a simple way to use less water with water-efficient products, new homes and other related services. In this case, a good example can be draw from Xavier Hotel. It can save 15 gallons per person per day implementing various improvements. With our operations including 375 rooms and if it’s occupied 70% of the time with 1.4 people, our yearly annual saving in gallons will be 2,015,895. This means that about $ 115,309.194 is saved a year. In order to purchase water sense labeled products such as toilets, showerheads and sinks from â€Å"www.lowes.com/† it will cost Xavier Hotel approximately $ 134,617.50 for all 375 rooms without any kind of industrial discounts and employee costs. Electricity consumption is a big problem in hospitality business. Guests and other staff members might waste electricity without knowing it. There are a couple of solutions that can be implemented in order to prevent extra electricity usage. For guest rooms, the hotel should use guest room key as an electric power by placing the room card into an electric source so it can save electricity usage while guests are not inside the rooms which is called key activated guest room energy management system. Also, the hotel management could use magnets for windows that is, if windows are open, it can directly turn off the air conditioning system. There are so many guests that leave windows open while they are sleeping and they also do not turn of the air conditioning system without knowing it this can lead to extra consumption of electricity. Hotels also consume electricity in the hallways. Hotel management could place motion sensors in order to prevent electricity usage. So if there is not an yone walking in the hallways, motion detectors can save

The Trust bank of Britain and Asia Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

The Trust bank of Britain and Asia - Essay Example The higher the level of uncertainty (with regards to future operations of the acquired entity) indicates that the company should go for alliance rather than acquisition and vice versa. From the case analysis, it is clear that TBBA has a strong history and culture. It is a trustworthy bank that enjoys a good repute among its customers. Though TBBA has a good holding on the retail banking tasks, it is new to commodity trading. Still, the bank has several opportunities in commodity trading especially when the economic crisis has considerably reduced the profit margins from the retail and investment banking side. Richard Cheung, the newly appointed CEO of TBBA is now faced with two questions whether it should keep its commodity trading business or sell it off. In addition to this, if the bank decides to stay with this line of business, whether it is a good idea to go for alliance or acquisition. Analysis and Recommendations with regards to Selling off Commodity Trading Business Selling o ff a part of business is worthy when the gains are higher in liquidating than keeping that line of business. Van Horne (2002) stated that selling off a part of business to another firm is a right decision when the present value received by the selling company is higher than the expected future returns by that business. Other reasons of divestment highlighted by Kozami (2002) are persistent negative cash flows, high competition, or lack of resources. In the case of TBBA, none of the above reasons exists that makes it justifiable to divest commodity trading business. Neither commodity trading business is giving negative outcomes, nor does the company lack resources for technological upgradation or to beat competition. This makes it irrational to sell off a line which is one of the most flourishing markets and has shown great potential in Asian market of TBBA. Divestment can be a quick fix for a newly appointed CEO because he is not emotionally attached to the unit to be divested; howe ver, for a CEO emotionally attached to a unit it is rather a difficult decision (Kozami 2002). In case of Richard, he is a part of the organization before being appointed as a CEO and he is the one who has given a unified identity to TBBA and commodity trading unit is very much a part of that identity. It is not that easy to sell it off rather it is more comfortable to invest in it especially when future expected returns are higher. Another thing that opposes the decision to divest is that the future plans of TBBA include returning to its roots. There is a great opportunity for expansion in UK because of the weak performance of rivals. TBBA is expert in areas where its rivals has failed to produce results; that is lending to small firms and commodity trading business. Entering these lines will give TBBA a visible success in UK market. Working on areas that can deliver true value to stakeholders can give a clear edge to TBBA in highly competitive and slow growing market of UK where i t will be difficult to mark a huge footprint otherwise. Though selling off a business unit may lead to regain lost strategic focus (Decker 2008) however it is not a good option when the business line to be sold off promises future gains (Van Horne 2002). Instead of selling off commodity business, it is a far better idea to make it work in UK market. TBBA can take advantage of its strong balance sheet to expand its commodity trading

Wednesday, October 16, 2019

Accounting ...Auditing assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Accounting ...Auditing - Assignment Example For A & E cycle, there could be complex transactions expenses that cannot be classified with precision. Similarly, production cycle is faced by the complexities in method to use in valuing stock and goods produced. Secondly, the inherent risks in all the three cycles would affect both the balance sheet and income statement of the business. R & C cycle may either increase or reduce the receivables and cash and this would at the same time affect the income reported by the business. Inherent risks in A & E cycles affects the expenses reported thus affecting income statement. Likewise, wrong valuing of stock affects the inventory value in the balance sheet and also closing stock which alters the income reported. In all the three cycles, the inherent risk is increases by the fact that there are external parties’ dealings. These parties include the suppliers, debtors, and creditors. Fraudulent actions of these parties increase the inherent risks. In as much as there are similarities in the inherent risk in the three cycles, there are also some differences. Inherent risks in these cycles differ because of the differences in the nature of transactions involved. In R &C cycle, the asset involved is cash, A &E also involves majorly cash asset while and production cycle inventory is at risk. The three cycles are also characterized by different accounting standard requirements (Louwers 53). The manner of recognizing receivables is different from that of valuing stock or purchasing materials in the production cycle hence making their inherent risk different. R $ C cycle is entails the determination of the business debtors and the amount they owe to the business. The relevant department has to identify all the debtors and examine the credit period agreement. They then make the claims for the money and adjust their debtors’ balances. Source documents include sales order, credit

Tuesday, October 15, 2019

The Trust bank of Britain and Asia Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

The Trust bank of Britain and Asia - Essay Example The higher the level of uncertainty (with regards to future operations of the acquired entity) indicates that the company should go for alliance rather than acquisition and vice versa. From the case analysis, it is clear that TBBA has a strong history and culture. It is a trustworthy bank that enjoys a good repute among its customers. Though TBBA has a good holding on the retail banking tasks, it is new to commodity trading. Still, the bank has several opportunities in commodity trading especially when the economic crisis has considerably reduced the profit margins from the retail and investment banking side. Richard Cheung, the newly appointed CEO of TBBA is now faced with two questions whether it should keep its commodity trading business or sell it off. In addition to this, if the bank decides to stay with this line of business, whether it is a good idea to go for alliance or acquisition. Analysis and Recommendations with regards to Selling off Commodity Trading Business Selling o ff a part of business is worthy when the gains are higher in liquidating than keeping that line of business. Van Horne (2002) stated that selling off a part of business to another firm is a right decision when the present value received by the selling company is higher than the expected future returns by that business. Other reasons of divestment highlighted by Kozami (2002) are persistent negative cash flows, high competition, or lack of resources. In the case of TBBA, none of the above reasons exists that makes it justifiable to divest commodity trading business. Neither commodity trading business is giving negative outcomes, nor does the company lack resources for technological upgradation or to beat competition. This makes it irrational to sell off a line which is one of the most flourishing markets and has shown great potential in Asian market of TBBA. Divestment can be a quick fix for a newly appointed CEO because he is not emotionally attached to the unit to be divested; howe ver, for a CEO emotionally attached to a unit it is rather a difficult decision (Kozami 2002). In case of Richard, he is a part of the organization before being appointed as a CEO and he is the one who has given a unified identity to TBBA and commodity trading unit is very much a part of that identity. It is not that easy to sell it off rather it is more comfortable to invest in it especially when future expected returns are higher. Another thing that opposes the decision to divest is that the future plans of TBBA include returning to its roots. There is a great opportunity for expansion in UK because of the weak performance of rivals. TBBA is expert in areas where its rivals has failed to produce results; that is lending to small firms and commodity trading business. Entering these lines will give TBBA a visible success in UK market. Working on areas that can deliver true value to stakeholders can give a clear edge to TBBA in highly competitive and slow growing market of UK where i t will be difficult to mark a huge footprint otherwise. Though selling off a business unit may lead to regain lost strategic focus (Decker 2008) however it is not a good option when the business line to be sold off promises future gains (Van Horne 2002). Instead of selling off commodity business, it is a far better idea to make it work in UK market. TBBA can take advantage of its strong balance sheet to expand its commodity trading

Designing a Safer Passenger Aircraft Essay Example for Free

Designing a Safer Passenger Aircraft Essay Aircrafts have become more advanced and fast, but they are drastically affected by ignorance and design incapability. However these structures can fly with more than 200 passengers and heavy cargo, but when they crash, they take away with them many lives and damage valuable property. To prevent such loses several aviation safety agencies like EASA(European Aviation Safety Agency) and FAA(Federal Aviation Administration) have been functioning. These agencies implement and monitor safety rules for aircrafts. They also certify and approve organizations involved in the design, manufacture and maintenance of aeronautical products. Safety of an aircraft depends on every smallest possible detail of it. For designing a safer passenger aircraft a lot of investigation has to be done on flight failures, to prevent such failures. There are four main aspects considered while designing an aircraft: Aerodynamics, Propulsion, Structures and materials, Stability and control. An overview on the design of a fixed wing aircraft: The structure of an aircraft is configured as follows: A fuselage is a long cylindrical body with tapered ends to make its shape aerodynamically smooth. Fuselage carries flight crew, passengers, payload, fuel and engine. Fuselage also holds a large wing which provides sufficient lifting force to the aircraft due to the shape of its cross section (aerofoil). This large wing has ailerons to control rolling motion. The vertical stabilizers present at the rear end of the aircraft, stabilizes the yaw motion and horizontal stabilizers stabilizes the pitch. Elevators are mounted to the horizontal stabilizers and it controls the pitch of the aircraft. Engines provide the trust required for the aircraft. The landing gear is a set of wheels that supports the plane on ground. Control system of an aircraft: Yoke controls the pitch and roll motion of an aircraft. Rudder pedals control the rudder and thus it controls the motion about the yaw axis. Throttle lever controls the thrust produces by each engine and brakes slow or stop the airplane on ground. There are controls for flaps and spoilers. A tiller is used to steer the plane on ground. An automatic flight management system helps pilot in maintaining altitude or mode of flight. Analysis of investigation reports of some airplane crashes and preventive measures in design: A Pilatus aircraft crashed near Bert Mooney airport in July, 2011 due to loss of control. Investigation reports showed that there was icing within the fuel system causing low fuel pressure state as fuel system icing inhibitor was not added to the fuel before flight. All jet fuels contain trace amounts of water that form crystals and block the fuel system. Icing inhibitors decrease the freezing point to about -40? C preventing water from freezing. Some chemical detector can be introduced that could detect the concentration of icing inhibitors present in the fuel. An alarm can also be added to the electronic system of the aircraft which will remind the pilot of adding icing inhibitors while refueling. Aircrafts flying in cold weather develop icing on wings which greatly impair wings ability to generate sufficient lift. Air Florida flight crashed on take-off in January, 1982 as a result of ice on its wings. Modern airliners are designed to prevent accumulation of ice on wings, engines or tails either by routing heated area towards icing or by using inflatable rubber tubes that expand and break off any accumulated ice. Similar method can be used in the design or the accumulated ice can also be removed by sending small amplitude vibrations to the accumulated area. A Boeing cargo airplane experienced ground fire before engine start-up at San Francisco International airport. Investigation blames the design of the supplemental oxygen system hoses and the lack of positive separation between electrical wiring and electrically conductive oxygen system components. The lack of positive separation allowed a short circuit to breach a combustible oxygen hose, release oxygen, and initiate a fire. This can be taken care of in the design and either separation between the oxygen hoses and wiring can be increased or insulation of wiring can be made more strong. Composite materials used in structure of an aircraft consist of layers of fibers embedded in a resin matrix. These layers separate from each other when subjected to cyclic stress and they lose strength. This failure is not shown on the surface. An amphibian plane suffered a structural failure in Florida. The right wing of the aircraft separated during normal flight due to lack of maintenance. Ultrasound based instrument method is used to detect such failures in designing a safer aircraft. As in Air France Concorde crash case, pilot detected fire very late. Installation of video cameras at critical places can be a preventive measure as pilot will be able to keep a watch on plane if there is no other failure detecting mechanism. During high speed landing or take-off extreme pressure and heat build-up in tyres and in such conditions tyres burst. This is equivalent to explosion of 4-5 dynamites. This could damage the fuel tank or engines and even initiate a fire. Some cooling mechanism within tyres can be used to prevent such conditions of high temperature and pressure. Above safety concerns and all other governing factors can be considered to design a safer passenger aircraft. Apart form these problems foreign object debris, positive lightning, bird strike, volcanic ash can also be taken care of while designing an aircraft. Ground based navigation aids can also be improved by improving GPS systems and some backup modes of communication may help in significant reduction in air crashes due to lack of information and misleading.

Monday, October 14, 2019

The Gear Reduction Starter Engineering Essay

The Gear Reduction Starter Engineering Essay A starter motor is a high-torque motor for tuning the gear on the engine flywheel. Starter motor is also known as starting motor or a starter. The function of starter is to reduce the starting current by inititlly high resistance. In RLC series circuit resistance, inductance and capacitance are connected in series. Starter is used to protect the motor from overload. If the starter is 3ph to avoid single phasing and it is used to reduce the strating current. In motor starter both Otto cycle and Diesel cycle internal-combustion engine require the pistons to be moving before the ignition phase of cycle. This means that the engine must be set in motion by an external force before it can power itself. A hard crank was used to start engines, but it was inconvenient, difficult, and dangerous to start an engine. Care had to be taken to retard the spark in order to prevent backfiring with advance spark setting. The engine could kick back, pulling the crank with it, because the overrun safety mechanism works in one direction only. In this case users were advised to cup their fingers under the crank and pull up, it felt neutral for operators to grasp the handle with the fingers on one side, the thumb on the order. Even a simple backfire can break thumb or it is also seen that it could end with a broken wrist. The electric starter ensured that anyone could easily start and run an internal combustion engine car, and this made it the design of choice for the car buyers. ELECTRIC STARTER The electric starter is a permanent-magnet or a series parallel wound direct current electric motor with a solenoid switch mounted on it. Current from the starting battery is applied to the solenoid through a key operated switch which pushes out the drive pinion on the starter drive shaft. The solenoid also closes high current contacts for the starter motor, which begins to turn. Once the engine starts, the key operated switch is opened, a spring in the solenoid assembly pulls the pinion gear away from the ring gear and the starter motor stops. The starterà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s pinion is clutched to its drive shift through an overrunning sparg clutch which permits the engine to transmit drive only in one direction. This is why the drive is transmitted through the pinion to the flywheel ring gear , but if the pinion remains engaged, the pinion will spin independently of its driveshift. This prevents the engine driving the starter for such backdrive would cause the starter to spin so fast as to fly apart. That is why a standard starter motor is only designed for intermittent use which would preclude its use as a generator. This system of pinion arrangement was used in early 1960à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s after that a new system was introduced and named as Bendix Drive. The Bendix system places the starter drive pinion on a driveshift. When the starter motor starts turning, the inertia of the drive pinion causes it to ride forward and thus engage with the ring gear. When the engine starts, backdrive from the ring drive causes the ring gear to exceed pinion to rotative speed of a starter, at which point the drive pinion is forced back down the helical shaft and thus out of mesh with the ring gear. The drive unit is spun at a releasing the latch and permitting the overdriven drive unit to be spun of engagement. In this matter unwanted starter disengagement is avoided before a successful engine start. GEAR-REDUCTION STARTERS In 1962, Chrysler introduced a starter incorporating a geartrian between the motor and the driveshaft. Rolls Royce had introduced a conceptually similar starter in 1964 but Chrysler was the first to bring volume-production unit in the market. The motor shaft was integrally cut gear teeth forming a drive gear which mesh with a larger adjacent driven gear to provide a gear reduction. This permits the use of higher speed, lower current and lighter motor assembly while increasing cranking torque. The Chrysler starter made a unique, readily identifiable sound when cranking the engine. This starter formed the design basis for the offset gear reduction starters now employed by the vehicles on the road. Light aircraft engines also made extensive use of this kind of starter because of its light weight that offered an advantage to the aircraft companies. Ford also issued a nonstandard starter, a direct drive à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ moveable pole shoe à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  design that provided cost reduction rather than electrical benefits. This type of solenoid eliminated the starter. There are some steps that we have to follow while operating the ford starter:- The operator closed the key-operated starting switch. A small electric current flowed through the starter relay cord , closing the contacts and sending a large current to the starter motor assembly. One of the pole shoes hinged in the front, swang into position. This moved a pinion gear to engage the flywheel ring gear. The starter motor cranked the engine until it started. The operator released the key-operated starting switch, cutting power to the starter motor assembly. A spring retracted the pole shoe and with it the pinion gear. This starter was used on ford vehicles from 1973 through 1990, when a gear reduction unit conceptually similar to Chrysler unit replaced it. PNEUMATIC STARTER Some gas turbine engines and Diesel engines ues a pneumatic self starter. The system consists of geared turbines , an air compressor and a pressure tank. Compressed air released from the tank is used to spin the turbine, and through a set of reduction gears, engages the ring gear on the flywheel, much like an electric engine. On larger diesel engines found in large shore installations and especially on ships, a pneumatic starting gear is used. Theair motor is generally powered by compressed air. The air motor is made up of center drum about the size of a soup can with more than four slots cut into it which allows the vanes to placed radically on the drum to form chambers sround the drum. The drum is offset inside a ring casing so that the inlet airfor starting is admitted at the area where the drum and the vanes form a small chamber compared to others. Some small diesel engines such as ones found on tugboat and lifeboat use hydraulic starters in which the air is replaced with a hydraulic motor. The engine should not be shut down while running unless the hydraulic accumulators for the starting motor are recharged. Else there is a manual hand pump to slowly pump up the accumulators. On large diesel engines and almost all diesel generators used the prime movers of the ships will use compressed air acting directly on the cylinder head. This is not ideal for the small diesel engines as it provides too much cooling on starting. The actual compressed air is provided form a large reservoir that feeds into a header located along the engine. As soon as the air starts the valve starts opening and the compressed air is admitted and the engine will being turning as it can be used on 2-cycle or 4-cycle engines and on reversing engines. On large 2-stroke engines less than one revolution of the crank shaft is needed for starting. This is why the heavy trucks use air breaks and the system gives the double duty by supplying compressed air to the break system. Pneumatic starters have the advantage of delivering high torque. ELECTRIC MOTOR The electric motor converts electric energy into mechanical energy. Electric motor operates through interacting magnetic fields and current carrying conductors to generate force. Electric motors are found in applications as diverse as industrial fans, blowers and pumps. They may be powered by electric current or by alternating current from a central electrical distribution grid. The smallest motor is found in electric wrist watches. Medium size motor of highly standardized dimensions and characteristics provide convenient mechanical power for industrial uses. The very largest electric motors are used for propulsion of large ships. The physical principle of production of mechanical force by the interaction of an electric current and a magnetic field was known as early as 1821. Electric motors of increasing efficiency were constructed throughout the 19th century, but commercial exploitation of electric motors on a large scale required efficient electric generators and electrical distribution networks. Device used with AC electric motor to temporarily reduce the load and the torque in the powertrain of the motor during start is known as electric motor. Mechanical stress is also reduced by the electric motor. INDUCTION MOTOR There are different types of asynchronous AC motors and one of them is induction motor. When power is supplied to the rotating device by the means of electromagnetic induction. There are several ways to supply power to the rotor. In a Dc motor this power is supplied to the armature directly from a DC source. Sometimes an induction motor is also called a rotating transformer. This is because the stator is essentially the primarily side of the transformer. TYPES OF STARTER MOTOR Direct on-line starter Star delta starter Automatic star delta starter Auto transformer starter Steps starter Motor soft starter Differences in some of starter motor are as follows 1. Difference between Direct on-line starter and Star delta starter A direct on-line(DOL) starter connects the motor terminal directly to the power supply. Hence, the motor is subjected to the full voltage of power supply. Consequently high starting current flows through the motor. This type of starting is suitable for small motors below 3.75kw. reduced voltage starters are employed with motors above 3.75kw. Although DOL motor starters are available for motors less than kV. Supply reliability and reserve power generation dictates the use of reduced voltage or not. 2. Differences between Star delta starter and Automatic star delta starter To reduce the starting current of an induction motor the voltage across the motor needs to be reduced. This can be done by autotransformer starter, star-delta starter or resistor starter. These days VVVF used extensively for speed control serves this purpose also. Whenever you start a big heavy electric motor, you need to start it slowly to prevent the rotor overheating and drowning an enormous current. Future prospective Methods are changed in building the starter motor. Many new technologies continue to be introduced in new cars and trucks. General improved methods are:- better engine peak efficiency potential losses are reduced at light load from throttling weight, drag and rolling resistance is also reduced Mid-term engine technology is introduced on the market. Most promising development is cam-less valve actuation which offers potential to reduce throttling loss to near zero. New technologies introduced in the market are quite expensive but are very beneficial for the ecological balance.

Sunday, October 13, 2019

Jane Eyre :: essays papers

Jane Eyre When Jane Eyre is introduced to Reverend St. John Rivers, she has already had a lifetime of experiences, but she still does not have a good sense of self. By the time that Jane leaves St. John, she is a newly self-assured woman who knows what she wants in life, and is determined to achieve her goals. When St. John is first introduced in the book, he finds Jane completely destitute with nowhere to go and no one to rely on for help. Despite her refusal to reveal her true identity, St. John takes Jane in to live with him and his two sisters, Diana and Mary. Once she has been nursed to health, St. John gives Jane a job as a school teacher at a girls school as well as a small cottage in which to live (339). At this point in the novel, word reaches the Rivers family of their Uncle's death. Unfortunately, another relative was favored for the large inheritance over them. While living in Moore House, Jane begins to feel like she is part of the Rivers family. She regards their home as her home (360), and its inhabitants as her brothers and sisters. Soon, Jane is informed that St. John has been told to whom their Uncle's estate was left- one Jane Eyre. It seems that St. John was christened St. John Eyre Rivers (366). St. John, Diana, and Mary are actually Jane's cousins. This gives Jane the family that she has always wanted, she finally has people to love her. One day, St. John announces to Jane that he will be going to East India to be a missionary, and that he wants Jane to go with him as his wife (383). Jane is reluctant to appease him, and he tries to convince her to come by telling her that it is God's Will that she do this (391). Many times Jane has done things that she did not want because it was God's Will. She was sent out of her Aunts house, suffered punishments at Lowood Institution, and did not marry Mr. Rochester, all for God's Will. But this time she realized that this was not God's Will. The next day while trying to reconcile with St. John, Jane hears a voice on the wind calling her name much like the story of Damascus in the bible that she had studied for so long.

Saturday, October 12, 2019

Pearls Contribution to The Scarlet Letter :: Scarlet Letter essays

Pearl's Contribution to The Scarlet Letter In Hawthorne's epic novel, The Scarlet Letter he discusses Pearl, a main character, and her contribution in making the novel a romantic one. Hawthorne uses three types of romantic topics relating to Pearl. Stereotypical characters, supernaturalness of characters, and the imaginary aspect of characters are all qualities of romantic language Hawthorne uses to better develop Pearl's character. Over the course of the novel Hawthorne uses all of the aspects of romantic language to unfold the life of Pearl and how she acts having these qualities. Pearl's quality of being a stereotypical character makes her blend into some situations and not into others. Pearl was portrayed as a stereotypical "victim of Hester's sin", adultery, because as she walks through town with her mother the other kids shout and curse at her. Pearl takes it in stride and defends her mother and fends off the evil children. The adults of Boston, mostly Puritans, talk behind Hester's back about the child being one of a sinner. Another common stereotype filled by Pearl is whenever an adult is occupied with something then the child finds something to do. When Hester went to the woods to meet with Dimmesdale, Pearl went off to play in the brook while the two adults talked and then she stopped when her mother called. A second example is when Pearl accompanied her mother to the seashore where they met Chillingworth, Pearl wandered off by herself and occupied her time by playing with seaweed and the various animal life that happened to be around. Children can also notice small differences in their surroundings that are normally familiar to them. When Hester and Dimmesdale where in the woods and decided to flee Boston and travel to Europe, Hester removed her scarlet letter happily and threw it into the brook. When she called to Pearl to tell her the news of them leaving Boston, Pearl went into fits of rage and temper tantrums and would not come to her mother. This was because she was so used to seeing the scarlet letter on her mother's bosom. Pearl's quality of being stereotypical, compared to all children and characters in general, is highly unlikely and only adds to the amount of romanticism in the novel.

Friday, October 11, 2019

English For Speakers Of Other Languages Program Education Essay

Chapter 1ESOL or English for Speakers of Other Languages plan is learning English plan that used by Jakarta International School particular for his English as a Second Language ( ESL ) pupil. This plan end is assisting ESL pupils to run into the demand of academically proficiency, that is Basic Interpersonal Communicative accomplishments ( BICS ) and Cognitive Academic Language proficient ( CALP ) . The course of study of ESOL plan follows the regular schoolroom course of study so that when ESOL pupils come back to their regular schoolroom, they can follow the lesson and able to avoid the struggles or troubles that ever occur in their regular schoolroom when they are confronting some of import topics such as in math, scientific discipline, societal surveies and linguistic communication and humanistic disciplines. In maintaining with the description, ESOL plan has an of import function in bettering communicating accomplishments of ESL pupils, so that they can compose and talk English like native. As a affair of facts, a figure of ESL pupils who have no experience with English able to avoid the jobs in societal interaction and in following the lesson after they joined the plan for 6 months and the advancement get downing to demo on the first 3 months. They can pass on with instructors or friends and following the instructions. A scholar needs basic societal ( survival ) linguistic communication accomplishments before he/she can believe in that linguistic communication in an academic scene so that they can last in their new school. ESOL plan has been adopted become one of the particular plan in Jakarta International School since 1992 before JIS used English for ESL. Statement related to ESOL plan as particular plan for ESL can be quoted as follows: â€Å" In order to fix LEP pupils to successfully get the English linguistic communication, we need to establish our instructional determinations on sound, research-validated patterns that respect the person ; promote lingual and academic excellence ; and construct upon the pupils ‘ linguistic communication, civilization, old cognition, experiences, accomplishments, and endowments. Ignoring what LEP pupils bring with them would be damaging to their educational growing and development. † ( Gallnick & A ; Chinn, 1990 ) . Allen, Frohlich, and Spada ( 1984:223 ) province that their construct of communicative characteristic has been derived from current theories of communicative competency, from the literature on communicative linguistic communication instruction, and from a reappraisal of recent research into first and 2nd linguistic communication acquisition. The experimental classs are designed ( a ) to capture important characteristics of verbal interaction in L2 schoolroom, and ( B ) to supply a agency of comparing some facets of schoolroom discourse with natural linguistic communication as it is used outside the schoolroom.Research QuestionsBased on the background above, the research inquiries in this survey are: How is ESOL plan applied to ESL pupils at JIS? How does ESOL plan work in assisting ESL pupils at JIS to run into the school demand of academic linguistic communication proficiency? What are the activities that the instructors do in the plan?Scope of the StudyThe survey focuses on depicting the usage of ESOL plan at JIS PIE, so that they can last in their societal interaction and in academic trials. The activities that the instructors do refering on learning learning stuffs and activities that can better pupils linguistic communication accomplishments.Purpose of the StudyThe intent of the survey is to depict how ESOL plan is applied at JIS and besides this plan works in bettering communicating accomplishments of ESL pupil. It related to the teachers-students ‘ activities, refering on learning learning stuffs and activities.Significance of the StudyThe consequence of the survey may hopefully give the images of teachers-students interactions and activities that really go on in ESOL plan that related to the betterment of communicating accomplishments of ESL at JIS PIE. Thus, English Department of Jakarta University ( UNJ ) can take an appropriate manner in de veloping learning English for ESL in order to better ESL pupils ‘ English accomplishments particularly communication accomplishments.Chapter 1ILITERATURE REVIEWTo supply the basic theory of the research related to English for Speaker of Other Languages ( ESOL ) plan, this chapter discusses ESOL in general, ESOL plan at JIS PIE, communicating accomplishments ( BICS and CALP ) of ESL and the usage of ESOL plan that related to the betterment of communicating accomplishments.Surveies on ESOL ProgramESOL is an acronym for English for Speaker of Other Languages or â€Å" English as a Second Language ( ESL ) is used to place the instruction of English linguistic communication Humanistic disciplines to pupils whose first linguistic communication is other than English while Limited English Proficient ( LEP ) is the term used to place pupils who are in the procedure of geting English linguistic communication accomplishments to to the full work in a school puting without ESOL direction alteration. A LEP pupil is non fluid in all communicative accomplishments a rear of English speech production, listening, composing, or reading and can non vie with equals in an English-Only academic scene. ESOL plan started in the beginning 1961 when the great inflow of kids from Cuba and go on to the LULAC et Al. v. State Board of Education Consent Decree ( 1990 ) is that LEP pupils will have adequate and appropriate direction to enable them to go through the needed graduation scrutiny and meet other demands for a sheepskin. The plan direction includes both entree to Language Humanistic disciplines direction through the usage of ESOL schemes and direction in the basic capable affair countries of mathematics, scientific discipline, societal surveies, and computing machine literacy. Lee Roberts to Charles Reed, ( 1991 ) said each high school recognition in basic ESOL fulfills an English high school graduation demand. Therefore, pupils who successfully complete Basic ESOL classs should â€Å" have tantamount recognition when using for entry into province universities † . LEP pupils are paced in regular English-only direction for most of the twenty-four hours and they receive excess direction in English that is designed to learn English as a Second Language. One of the effectual attacks is â€Å" Pullout ‘ from their content schoolroom to acquire isolation in ESOL category for about 45 proceedingss. In the plan schoolroom instructor works collaboratively with ESOL squad in placing the pupils demands and advancement.Surveies on ESOL Program at JIS Pondok Indah ElementaryJIS ESOL plan ends are to supply each pupil with the chance to get English through meaningful communicating in a non threatening environment and to provide them with the accomplishments needed to work satisfactorily in the mainstream schoolrooms. The scholar of the plan is ESL pupils that started from class homework to rate five. They face the undertaking of larning to pass on and map good in a linguistic communication which is non their ain. ESOL classes parallel the grade degree units and accomplishments being taught in the mainstream categories. Coordination between the mainstream schoolroom instructor and the ESOL squad in placing the pupils linguistic communication demands and developing an appropriate plan of direction ( Levine, Ph. D, 1997 ) . It besides based on the research of August & A ; Pease Alvarez, 1996 ; Collier, 1995 ; Nelson, 1996, which indicates that ESOL pupils ‘ linguistic communication acquisition is facilitated by entree to rate degree and disputing course of study, entree to English speech production equals, partnership between ESL and mainstream instructors ; a antiphonal acquisition environment for a scope of larning manners and accomplishment degrees, synergistic acquisition chances ; higher order believing accomplishments ; and a high-quality English Language Arts Program. The methodological analysiss and attacks which are consistent with the plan ‘s doctrine and ends are: The Natural Approach ( Krashen & A ; Terrell 1983 ) . This attack views linguistic communication acquisition as a natural procedure. For basic social/conversational English, pupils should larn to manage simple inquiry and reply state of affairss and able to discourse and compose on subjects of personal involvement. As Asher ( 1982 ) notes that Total Physical Response is a method compatible with preproduction acquisition, utilizing concrete stuffs and visuals AIDSs are effectual ways to guarantee pupil apprehension and at subsequently phase, the pupils should besides be exposed to basic academic vocabulary, survey accomplishments, and larning schemes appropriate to their demand and ability to grok the linguistic communication. Cognitive Academic linguistic communication Learning Approach ( CALLA ) . CALLA integrates linguistic communication development, content direction and expressed direction in larning schemes. Cognitive academic linguistic communication accomplishments are integrated in a multidisciplinary attack so that pupils learn linguistic communication construction that will assist them in the mainstream schoolroom. Functional Notional Approach. This attack links linguistic communication maps ( e.g. thanking, explain, apologising, measuring ) with grammatical impressions ( constructions needed to show a peculiar map ) . The accent is on communicative, non grammatical competency and is used to back up both societal and academic linguistic communication growing. A functional attack to linguistic communication development is used at JIS because a functional theoretical account of linguistic communication focal points on significance. It sees a resource of sharing information, developing thoughts, acquiring our demands and doing sense of the universe. At JIS there is accent on communicating for specific intents with peculiar audience in head. Community Language Learning Circle. This attack stresses the importance of turn toing pupils ‘ single demands and feelings. Language learning can take topographic point in the procedure of the treatment so that they have chances to pattern for covering with their schoolmates and instructors. However, alternatively of direct rectification, rephrasing and theoretical account restatements are most frequently used. Direct instruction of grammar and construction may besides be used when appropriate in a mini lesson format. Inquiry- Based acquisition. This attack promotes the thought that pupils are motivated to larn when they find an activity per se interesting and prosecuting. It encourages pupils to believe by oppugning the intent of their acquisition, doing meaningful connexion and pulling decisions. Multiple Intelligences. The construct of multiple intelligences encourages the creative activity of effectual acquisition environments through interdisciplinary surveies. Learning through music or motion, making three dimensional constructions, work outing jobs through logic and logical thinking, or understanding relationships between themselves and others, are all illustrations of dynamic springboards for linguistic communication acquisition. Surveies on Communication Skills of ESL Communication accomplishment is ability to show your ides clearly in address and authorship. Widdowson ( 1983:57 ) provinces that the purposes of linguistic communication instruction classs are normally defined in term of four accomplishments: speech production, understand address ( listening ) , reading and composing. Speaking is one of the ways to pass on, show your feelings, ideas, or sentiment in unwritten signifier. Bromley ( 1992:282 ) says that speech production is an expressive linguistic communication accomplishment in which the talker uses verbal symbols to pass on. Baker ( 2000 ; 34 ) states the speech production accomplishments is a productive accomplishments, because talker has to supply linguistic communication actively in order to pass on. Calderon ( 1988 ) ; Cohen ( 1986 ) ; Green ( 1991 ) and Kagan ( 1985 ) discuss that concerted acquisition is a dynamic scheme through which pupils develop lingual and academic accomplishments at the same time. Chamot & A ; O'Malley ( 1994 ) province Basic Interpersonal Communication Skills ( BICS ) or mundane colloquial linguistic communication accomplishments, differ in a figure of ways from cognitive/academic texts, and literacy plants, where as Developing Cognitive/Academic linguistic communication Proficiency ( CALP ) presents a different challenge for 2nd linguistic communication scholars than developing BICS. BICS is societal linguistic communication. It ‘s the linguistic communication kids use on the resort area and in insouciant conversation when speaking about personal experiences. Often pupils develop BICS eloquence rather rapidly and can see, on the surface, to expose greater linguistic communication proficiency that they really posses. The BICS features as followed: Universal facets of linguistic communication proficiency that are usually acquired by all native talkers of any linguistic communication. Colloquial linguistic communication eloquence ; included pronunciation, grammar, basic vocabulary ‘ Ability to understand and talk informally with friends, parents, instructors, schoolmates. Those linguistic communication accomplishments needed for mundane face-to-face communicating ; personal ; societal state of affairss. Contexts are non clear and by and large concrete Not demanding ; non much abstract believing ; becomes about mechanical/automatic. May take up to two old ages to develop in a 2nd linguistic communication. CALP is the more formal, academic linguistic communication required to pass on about abstract or complex thoughts. This is the linguistic communication needed for success in the class degree course of study content countries and the CALP features as followed: Those linguistic communication accomplishments associated with literacy and cognitive development. Success with tests and academic undertakings. Language accomplishments required to travel beyond ordinary societal communicating. Language accomplishments needed for concluding, job resolution, or other cognitive procedures required for academic accomplishment in topic matter/included those academic accomplishments needed to understand and show abstract constructs in the schoolroom such as literacy, job resolution, test-taking, concluding, argument, sentiment. Cognitively demanding, de contextualized. May take 5-7 old ages to develop in a 2nd linguistic communication. CALP developed in a first linguistic communication contributes to the development of CALP in a 2nd linguistic communication. Cummins ( 1979 ) has conceptualized this in footings of the linguistic communication usage ( from context-embedded to context-reduced ) and of the footings of the grade of cognitive engagement required for communicating ( from cognitively undemanding to cognitively demanding ) : Cummingss ( 1981 ) , Curtain and Pesola ( 1988, 1994 ) Degree of Difficulty Examples of Activities A ( less linguistic communication dependant ; cognitively undemanding ) Presentations Illustrations Following waies P.E. , music, art Face-to-face conversation Simple games Bacillus ( more linguistic communication dependant ; cognitively undemanding ) Telephone conversation written notes Oral or written waies for accomplishments already learned C ( less linguistic communication dependant ; cognitively demanding ) Manipulative-based math activities Science experiments Social surveies undertakings ( mapping ) Calciferol ( more linguistic communication dependant ; cognitively demanding ) Contented country accounts without diagrams or illustrations Mathematic word jobs without illustrations Explanation of new constructs Standardized testing The usage of ESOL plan that related to the betterment of communicating accomplishments of ESL pupils at JIS PIE campus. Nunan ( 1999 ) province communicating is a collaborative accomplishment in which the talkers negotiate significance in order to accomplish their ends. Therefore, a talker ‘s communicative success will be partially determined by the accomplishments of the other individual. In bettering communicating accomplishments of ESL pupils, ESOL plan works collaboratively with schoolroom the instructors. The activities in ESOL plan is following the lesson or subject that presents in the schoolroom, but in ESOL plan discuss or emphasis more about the diction. However the ESOL plan function more to bridge the ESL pupils into English. Krashen ( 1985 ) province pupils get linguistic communication when they are engage in an activity in which they do non experience pressured. Gallnick & A ; Chinn ( 1990 ) discussed how to do LEP pupils successfully get the English linguistic communication. They need to establish their instructional determination on sound, research-validated patterns that respect the person ; promote lingual and academic excellence ; and construct upon the pupils ‘ linguistic communication, civilization, old cognition, experiences, accomplishments, and endowments. Nathan birnbaums and Joyce ( 1997:134 ) place three sets of factors that decelerate the betterment of talking accomplishments of ESL pupils. It may be due to cultural factors that derive from scholars ‘ anterior acquisition experiences and the outlooks created by these outlooks. Linguisticss factors include troubles in reassigning from the scholar ‘s first languages to the sounds, rimes, and stress form of English, troubles with the native talker pronunciation of the instructor, a deficiency of apprehension of common grammatical forms in English ( e.g. English tenses ) and how these may be different from their ain linguistic communication, deficiency of acquaintance with the cultural or societal cognition required to treat significance. While psychical and affectional factors include civilization daze, old negative societal or political experiences, deficiency of motive, anxiousness or shyness in category. Bygate ( 1987:4 ) divided talking accomplishments into two sub acc omplishments: motor-perceptive and interaction accomplishments. Motor-perceptive accomplishment refers to the ability to comprehend, remember, and joint the cognition in the right order sounds and construction of the linguistic communication. Mackey ( 1965:266 ) in Bygate ( 1987:5 ) argues that in order to be good at speech production, one has to take the right signifiers and words, utilize them in the correct forms, be able to sound like a native talker and convey the right significance. This accomplishment can be developed through the speech production exercisings such as theoretical account duologue, pattern pattern, unwritten drill, expression and say exercisings, and unwritten composing. While interaction accomplishments refer to the ability to command the linguistic communication production and do picks such as doing determinations about communicating affecting what to state, how to state and develop it, how to keep the coveted dealingss with others, and so on. The non-native talkers need to be cognizant that the linguistic communication is tightly related to the civilization. They have to cognize what is accepted and non in the mark linguistic communication. As stated by Robinson ( 1991 ) , cited by Celce-Murcia et. Al ( 1995:25 ) in their article, that the acquisition of 2nd linguistic communication can non be separated with the acquisition of the 2nd civilization. Montgomery and Eisenstein ( 1985 ) supported that chances to pattern the linguistic communication in communicative state of affairss was of import for linguistic communication acquisition.Chapter IIIRESEARCH METHODOLOGYThe research inquiry in this survey Base on the background above, the research inquiries in this survey are: How is ESOL plan applied to ESL pupils at JIS? How does ESOL plan work in assisting ESL pupils at JIS to run into the school demand of academic linguistic communication proficiency? And What are the activities that the instructors do in the plan? In order to reply the inquiries above, this survey was designed as a descriptive analytical survey which applied interview and observation as the methods of the survey.3.1. Data Collection MethodsThe informations aggregation method involved the participant, clip and topographic point, instruments of the survey, and informations aggregation processs.3.1.1. Participant of the StudyAfter detecting several times in ESOL category, it was found that two instructors use the same scheme and attack in bettering communicating accomplishments of participants, while the other one merely concentrate on reading. The topics of these three ESOL instructors is every night reading books, while the two instructors who taught communications accomplishments, taught subject, word of the twenty-four hours, board games and analogy. These two categories are more merriment than the other one.Interview sourcesThe interview sources of the survey were the three instructors who taught ESOL and six ESOL pupils fro m class one that taken indiscriminately from the three categories. Burns ( 2002 ) notes that trying mistake is reduced by stratification for the sample can non differ from the population with regard to the stratifying factors. Stratified sampling is trying in which group within the population are each sampled indiscriminately because population can be divided on the footing of societal category rank, sex, degree of intelligence or degree of anxiousness. The three instructors as interview sources were besides the topics of the survey in the schoolroom observation.3.1.2. The Time and Place of StudyThe survey was conducted in ESOL categories at Jakarta International School Pondok Indah Elemenetary ( JIS PIE ) . The schoolroom observation was done from October 2006 to May 2007 while the interview was around January 2007 and May 2007.The Instruments of the StudyIn obtaining the information, the survey used schoolroom observation and guided interview as the instruments of the surveyClassroom ObservationClassroom observation was chosen as a agency of roll uping informations that is to acquire the information and description every bit exactly as possible by capturing important characteristics of verbal interaction in ESOL categories and description of schoolroom activities that relate to communicative characteristics or the usage of mark linguistic communication. Allen, Frohlich, and Spada ( 1984:223 ) note that the experimental classs are designed to capture important characteristics of verbal interaction in L2 schoolrooms, and to supply a agency of comparing some facets of schoolroom discourse with natural linguistic communication as it is used outside the schoolroom. It took topographic point in Jakarta International School Pondok Indah Elementary at Kamboja 24 and 25 faculties and was done from October 2006 to May 2007. The schoolroom observation of the instructor 1 ( ESOL1 ) was done from October 2006 to November 2006. For instructor 2 ( ESOL 2 ) the observation was done from January 2007 to February 2007, and teacher 3 ( ESOL 3 ) the observation was done from April 2007 to May 2007. The information recorded base on the Nunan ( 1993 ) about COLT strategy as reference below. All activities that the instructors did during the categories was recorded and noted on the observation notes ( field notes ) Lightbown and Spada ( 1993 ) found that schoolroom informations from a figure of surveies offer support for the position that form-focused direction and disciplinary feedback provided within the context of a communicative plan are more effectual in advancing 2nd linguistic communication acquisition. Chaudron ( 1988 ) identifies 84 different classs in the COLT ( Communication Orientation of Language learning ) . The COLT consists of the description of schoolroom activities, it consist of: the activity type, the participant organisation, the content, the pupil mode, and stuffs, and it relates to communicative characteristics such as the usage of the mark linguistic communication, information spread, sustained address, reaction to code or message, incorporation of predating vocalization, discourse induction, and comparative limitation to lingual signifier. The purpose of this strategy is to enable the perceiver to depict every bit exactly as possible. Classroom Observation Scheme:Table 1 QUESTIONS RELATING TO THE PRINCIPAL FEATURES OF THE COLT SCHEMEFeatureQuestionsPart A: schoolroom Activities 1a. Activity type 2a. Participant organisation 3a. Content 4a. Student mode 5a. Materials Part B: schoolroom linguistic communication 1b. Use mark linguistic communication 2b. Information spread 3b. Sustained address 4b. Chemical reaction to code message 5b. Incorporation of predating vocalization 6b. Discourse induction 7b. Relative limitation of lingual signifier What is the activity type -e.g. , drill, function drama, command? Is the instructor working with the whole category or non? Are pupils working in groups or separately? If group work, how is or organized? Is the focal point on schoolroom direction, linguistic communication ( signifier, map, discourse, sociolinguistics ) , or other? Is the scope of subjects wide or narrow Who selects the topic-teacher, pupils, or both? Are pupils involved in listening, speech production, reading, composing, or combination of these? What types of stuffs are used? How long is the text? What is the source/purpose of the stuffs? How controlled is their usage? To what extent is the mark linguistic communication used? To what extent is requested information predictable in progress? Is discourse extended or restricted to a individual sentence, clause or word? Does the middleman react to code or message? Does the talker integrate the predating vocalization into the his or her part? So scholars have chances to originate discourse? Does the instructor expect a specific signifier, or is there no outlook of a peculiar lingual signifier? Nunan, D. ( 1993 ) . Research Methods in Language Learning ( p. 99 ) . Cambridge University Press.InterviewInterview was chosen as a agency of roll uping informations that is to acquire more item information about how this plan works in bettering their communicating accomplishments. As Johnston ( 1985 ) said, the unwritten interview has been used by 2nd linguistic communication acquisition research worker seeking informations on phases and procedures of acquisition and Ingram ( 1984 ) said that it besides as a agency of measuring proficiency. Brown and Rodgers ( 2002 ) describe interview is done orally face to confront format on telephone or in groups and that is besides the most utile for detecting what the issues are in a peculiar study undertaking or even for happening out which inquiries should be asked. Hammersley & A ; Atkinson, 1983 ) province the interview format could be described as brooding. To minimise the research worker ‘s influence on what the interviewee said, but at the same clip the interview followed a model so that they covered certain cardinal countries identified in my ongoing related research and my reading of the literature. The inquiries asked in the interview were designed to arouse a big sample of vocalizations ( Spradley, 1979 ) . Participants were encouraged to reply at length. Initial inquiry largely open-ended and descriptive ( Spradley, 1979 ) , such as â€Å" Can you describe the typical part from ESOL plan for you † ? And â€Å" Do you run into some jobs with math and scientific discipline? Do the ESOL plan helps you in the category? â€Å" , and â€Å" Do you run into some jobs with your instructor and friends when you interacted with them or make they understand what you said and do you understand what they want? â€Å" , â€Å" How m ake you manage that? Structural inquiries ( Spradley, 1979 ) , such as â€Å" Could you give me other illustrations of jobs you have in the regular schoolroom. The interview was addressed around January 2007 and May 2007 to six ESOL pupils and for the three ESOL instructors, interview was taken at the same twenty-four hours with the schoolroom observation that is after the schoolroom observation done. There were 12 inquiries for pupils and 10 for instructors included 6 points for the constructs of ESOL, 2 points for the parts of ESOL and 2 for ESOL plan that related to communicating accomplishments betterment, prepared before carry oning the interview. The interview is to expect the possible failings of questionnaire as Burns ( 2002 ) described, who purposes there is no chance to get auxiliary experimental informations. Besides, the respondents ‘ motive for replying the questionnaire is unknown.Model for Analysis of Interview Data for TeachersMaterial Questions Concepts of ESOL ESOL parts ESOL plan plants related to the communicative accomplishments ( BICS and CALP ) betterment What is ESOL plan? Why do they hold to fall in the plan? And how? How the ESOL plan plants in placing advancement or failings of the pupils? What is BICS AND CALP? How do you develop pupils BICS and CALP? What stuff do you utilize for your category? What is ESOL model? What is the English linguistic communication proficiency criterion for ESOL pupil? How ESOL plan helps ESL to run into academically linguistic communication proficiency ( BICS and CALP ) Can you explicate it? How make you assist them in avoiding jobs in their content schoolroom such as: Manipulative-based math activities? Mathematic word jobs without illustrations? Science experiments? Explanations of new constructs? Maping undertakings? Standardized testing? What skills normally do ESOL pupils show first or survive? Reading, speech production, or composing? Spradley, J. P. ( 1979 ) . The Ethnographic Interview. New York: Holt, Rinehart & A ; Winston.Model for Analysis of Interview Data for pupilsMaterial Questions Concepts of ESOL ESOL parts ESOL plan plants in bettering communicative accomplishments ( BICS and CALP ) What is ESOL plan? Why do you hold to fall in the plan? Can you talk English now? Make you understand when your friends or instructors ask you to make something? Or can you explicate to them what you want or what you mean? Make you still have any jobs with English? Yes ( what is that? ) How ESOL plan helps you into English or what do you make in the plan? Can you depict it? Now, do you hold any jobs in making: Manipulative-based math activities? Mathematic word jobs without illustrations? Science experiments? Explanations of new constructs? Maping undertakings? Standardized testing? What can you make best? Reading, speech production, or composing? Spradley, J. P. ( 1979 ) . The Ethnographic Interview. New York: Holt, Rinehart & A ; Winston.Data Collection ProceduresThe informations were obtained through schoolroom observation and interview. Classroom observation of ESOL 1 category was conducted for two months ( October to November 2006 ) . Classroom observation of ESOL 2 Class was conducted for two months ( January to February 2007 ) and classroom observation of ESOL3 category was conducted for besides two months ( April to May 2007 ) .The instructors ‘ activities refering on learning learning stuffs and activities were recorded and noted. The information of the instructors ‘ activities that could non be obtained through entering were noted on the field notes. The informations could non be obtained through schoolroom observation were collected through interview. The interview were addressed to the three ESOL instructors and 6 ESOL pupils from grade one or beginner degree. The interviews of the three instructors were done after the schoolroom observation while the interviews for the six pupils were done from January 2007 to May 2007. The inquiries included in interview sheet were asked to all interviewees.3.2. Datas AnalysisData collected in this survey were analyzed by concentrating them into ESOL plan plants to accomplish academically linguistic communication proficiency of ESL that included learning larning scheme and attack, stuff and activities. In term of scheme and attack the informations were obtained to analyse what sort of schemes and approaches the instructors used to develop communicating accomplishments. In term of learning larning stuffs, the informations were obtained to analyse what sort of stuff s the instructors used to de velop pupils BICS and CALP so that they can last in their societal interaction and following the lesson in the category or making the appraisal ( test ) , whether the stuffs were reliable, who provided the stuffs, and troubles of acquiring the appropriate stuffs experienced by the instructors. In term of learning larning activities, the informations were used to depict schoolroom speech production, reading and composing activities promoted by the instructors Chapter IVDATA ANALYSIS AND RESULTS OF THE STUDYIn this chapter, the information analysis and the consequence of the survey will be presented in order to reply the research inquiry of the survey: How does ESOL plan work in assisting ESL pupils at JIS to run into the school demand of academic linguistic communication proficiency? What schemes and attacks, stuffs and activities instructors use and do in the plan? The information collected will analyzed by categorising them into three concerns of instructors ‘ activities which are learning larning scheme and attack, learning larning stuff and activities. The information besides involves the exposure and the treatment of the ESOL course of study and model.4.1. Datas Analysis4.1.1. The Activities of Teacher 1 ( ESOL 1 )Teaching Learning MaterialIn ESOL 1 category, when the instructor was learning a group grade one ( beginner degree ) , she merely focused on reading, but when she taught progress novice degree, she applied assorted activities for assorted linguistic communication accomplishments. From the interview she said that assorted activities for assorted linguistic communication accomplishments applied for all categories she taught. I: How do you develop your pupils ‘ BICS and CALP? And what stuff do you utilize for your category? ESOL 1: My category was non merely concentrating on reading accomplishments. To develop BICS, I gave cardinal words of the twenty-four hours. It bridged them in to basic societal interaction linguistic communication. Sometimes I gave them an synergistic board games or words games to do them pattern their societal interaction and normally I end the twenty-four hours with composing a diary. But on mundane observation of the ESOL 1 category for beginner degree ( rate one ) did non demo that phenomenon because the activities were ever the same. The stuffs that the instructors used merely taken from one beginning that was flat books from ESOL 1class library and there was non from any beginnings such as newspaper, magazines or cyberspace.Teaching Learning ActivitiesThe ESOL 1 instructor did different activities for progress novice degree, but for the novice degree she merely focused to reading. In novice degree she has 6 pupils for about 45 proceedingss. She opened the category with Silent reading. Students took the book base on their degree and read it by themselves for two times while ESOL 1 instructor merely working on her computing machine. This activity occurred approximately 5 to 7 proceedingss. Their degree book criterion was introduced by their schoolroom instructors. After that, the instructors announced Reading to Friend. Here they read each others for two times. At this clip, the instructor maintain working on her computing machine and in approximately 2 proceedingss she start joined the pupils and name one pupil to read it to her while her spouse joined to the other group. Then she asked approximately chief thought, plotting, characters, how the narrative begins and how the narrative terminal, who the favourite character in the narrative is and why do they like it, and sometimes she asked to recite the narrative. The activities so continued to the following phase that was Show and Tell. Here the pupils have to state a narrative about anything. It can be about an interesting journey, favourite plaything, an interesting thing that they merely bought or got, or everything that made them desire to portion with others while the instructor listens attentively and helps for some hard words. This activity focused on speech production. The point of hiting was how they told the narrative, confidently or get downing to be a confident talkers. This activity besides can non be applied to all pupils since the restriction of the clip. The findings show that ESOL1 teacher frequently assigned the pupils to work in braces foremost before inquiring them to work separately and the activities in this category show that the instructor merely focused on reading accomplishments and small spot to talking country. From the interview with 2 novices flat pupils ( rate one ) from ESOL1 category show that: I: what make you make in ESOL category? ESOL 1 s1: It so deadening, you know? Everyday we have to read and read after that Show and Tell. That ‘s all. I: nil else? ESOL 1 s2: No, nil else, every meeting like that. It ‘s so deadening. I hate to travel to the ESOL category.The Activities of Teacher 2 ( ESOL 2 )Teaching Learning MaterialIn ESOL 2 category, the instructor used many sorts of stuffs. For Discuss the Book, the stuff was from the degree book from her category library. For the Morning Words, she used the hard words from the book discussed. In Language Room, she wrote some sentences to bridge them in their societal interactions To Your Schoolmates, To Your Teacher and Teacher To you, such as ‘do you haveaˆÂ ¦ ( capable ) aˆÂ ¦today? ‘ , ‘what doesaˆÂ ¦ ( word ) aˆÂ ¦ mean? ‘ , ‘I do n't understandaˆÂ ¦ ( word ) aˆÂ ¦ ‘ , ‘hand in your prep tomorrow ‘ . For Language Deductions, she introduced some words that taken from the subject in their content schoolroom. For illustration the subject was about World of Work from Social Studies subjects in class one, af ter that she asked them to compose about the same subject on their writing diary and some of the board games.Teaching Learning ActivitiesIn ESOL 2 category, the learning acquisition activities were assorted. The instructor used different activities on different meetings ( 2 yearss a hebdomad ) . This was a little category with merely 3 or 4 pupils each session. Different with the ESOL category 1 the figure of pupils some times 6 individual ( 2 category of class one together ) . The ESOL 2 instructor opened the lesson with soundless reading for two times and so she called them one by one to show their book in Discuss the Book. Here the instructor sat together with the pupils and so she asked them about the chief thought, the character, how the narrative Begin, how the narrative terminal, plotting, the best portion of the narrative, and the hard words. Students worked separately. From here, she developed the hard words into Morning Word. She asked another pupil to construe the word and eventually she told them the significance. After Morning Word the lesson moved to Language Room. The instructor introduced some of the conversation linguistic communication that normally used in their societal interaction to their schoolmate or instructor. Students worked together and discussed the words ‘ significance and the instructor so when she found that her pupils reply was non right straight explained the significance. For the following lesson was Show and Tell, b ut sometimes they did Writing Journal or played a board game such as Parachutes and Ladders, Candyland, Uno, Yatzee, Clue, Sorry, Leggos, cards games, draughtss and cheat. Sometimes in some juncture she taught different activities than it was such as in for UN Day, Earth Day or Indonesian Week.The Activities of Teacher 3 ( ESOL 3 )Teaching Learning MaterialIn ESOL 3 category, the instructor used many sorts of stuffs. For Discuss the Book, she used book from the degree book in her schoolroom library. She used the hard words from the book discussed for the Morning Words. In Language Room, she discussed some sentences on the white board. For Language Deductions, she introduced some words that taken from the subject in their content schoolroom. For subject of the twenty-four hours, she prepares a brochure, light brown colour, tan colour, ruddy, tap, black and white of manilla documents, gum, markers, and scissors.Teaching Learning ActivitiesIn ESOL 3 category, the learning acquisition a ctivities were about the same with instructor ESOL 2. ESOL 3 category merely taught progress novice to intercede degree, so that the category activities were small spot higher than the other categories. The activities more about public presentation words such as public presentation verbs that based on the six Aspects of Understanding. They are: explain, interpret, apply, position, empathy, and self-knowledge. The instructor opened the lesson with Discuss the Book. Here the instructor asked them about the chief thought, the character, how the narrative Begin, how the narrative terminal, plotting, the best portion of the narrative, and the hard words. Teacher sat together with her pupils and helped them when they found any troubles. From here, she moved to topic of the twenty-four hours. They made A Rain cervid Puppet. She asked the pupils to do like the sample on the white board. After they finished the occupation, they are asked to make the brochure. The brochure was about how to do a Rain cervid Puppet. They have to compose the procedure of doing a caribou marionette, but they besides have to compose the ground why they have to make that activity.Teaching Learning ActivitiesActivitiesNightly ReadingDiscuss BookMorning WordssShow & A ; TellLanguage RoomLanguage DeductionAnalogyBoard GamesWriting JournalNovice ESOL 1. ESOL2, ESOL3 ESOL 1. ESOL2, ESOL3 ESOL2, ESOL3 ESOL 1. ESOL2, ESOL3 ESOL2, ESOL3 ESOL2, ESOL3 ESOL2, ESOL3 ESOL2, ESOL3 ESOL2, ESOL3 Advance Beginner ESOL 1. ESOL2, ESOL3 ESOL 1. ESOL2, ESOL3 ESOL 1. ESOL2, ESOL3 ESOL2, ESOL3 ESOL 1. ESOL2, ESOL3 ESOL2, ESOL3 ESOL2, ESOL3 ESOL2, ESOL3 ESOL 1. ESOL2, ESOL3Consequences of the StudyThe findings showed that in ESOL plan ESOL squad works together with schoolroom instructors. In ESOL squad there are ESOL instructors, specializers, frailty rule and parents. The ESOL plan ends can be achieved because of this solid coaction and schemes, attacks and activities that are used in learning learning activities. In Using the plan ESOL 1 instructor, taught less assorted activities so that her pupils felt that ESOL 1 category was non fun, but tiring. It was supported from the interview with 2 of her pupils. When the research worker asked her about it in illegal interview that was at the terminal of the observation twenty-four hours, she answered that it was based on the demand of the schoolroom instructors. I: Ma'am, why do you learn beginner degree with less assorted activities and merely concentrate to one or two accomplishment? ESOL1: Oo, that was non as what I want. The schoolroom instructors ‘ required this. I merely followed to what they want. Make you understand? I: Sooner state, I got it ma'am. Thank you. And when the research worker asked about this to the schoolroom instructor, the schoolroom instructor said that she did n't necessitate anything from the ESOL instructor. If the manner ESOL 1 teacher taught like that the schoolroom instructors feel disagree as pupils have had that sort of activities in their regular schoolroom. ESOL 2 and 3 instructors look like more manageable. They applied about all schemes, attacks and activities of ESOL plan. The consequence from the interview to their pupils besides the same, that they feel happy for this category and the plan truly helped them in making the trials and appraisals in their regular schoolroom. The consequence for ESOL1, ESOL 2, ESOL 3 category in pupils betterments in their advancement study were about the same. The different merely showed on their day-to-day public presentation. ESOL 1 pupils in their regular schoolroom still met some jobs in making some topics. They still have n't improved their cognitive accomplishments because less of pattern in ESOL category before it besides means that they have n't truly avoided from the struggle in the schoolroom. But ESOL 2 and ESOL 3 pupils can make it swimmingly. They can avoid from the struggle in the schoolroom. The consequences described that the plan was non truly effectual if the instructors can non transform the accomplishments really good. Activity is one of the ways to pattern the accomplishments, so when a instructor used less assorted activities for some accomplishments, the learning accomplishments can non run into the instruction mark. In ESOL plan instance ; there was a solid coaction between ESOL instructors and schoolroom instructors in bettering communicative accomplishments of ESL pupils. Even though ESOL 1 category consequences were non truly good, it is still helped by the schoolroom instructors. Here, the schoolroom instructors were more active than the ESOL instructor. They used assorted activities and stuffs to hike their pupils ‘ accomplishments, but it does n't intend that the ESOL instructors can trust on them.Chapter VCONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION5.1 DecisionIn ESOL plan, ESOL instructors and schoolroom instructors have to do a good coaction in bettering their pupils ‘ accomplishments that is communicating accomplishments without it the plan end can non be achieved. The ESOL methods and attacks that are used at JIS to better Basic Interpersonal Communication Skills ( BICS ) and Cognitive Academic Language Proficiency ( CALP ) are Natural Approach is used for learning basic conversation. CA LLA attack is used to learn content direction and linguistic communication construction. Functional Notional attack is used to learn linguistic communication map that is focused on communicating. Community Language Learning Circle attack is used to learn the importance of turn toing pupils ‘ single demands and feelings. Inquiry-Based Learning attack is used to construct pupil ‘s motive in larning when they find activity per se interesting and prosecuting. And Multiple Intelligence is used to promote the creative activity of effectual acquisition environments through interdisciplinary surveies. Their coaction was non merely in placing the pupils ‘ failings, but besides the pupils advancement in some mark accomplishments. The ESOL instructors record their pupils ‘ advancement and study it to the schoolroom instructor. Here the schoolroom instructor supervised their pupils ‘ advancement and betterment. If under her supervising the pupils showed different from ESOL instructors ‘ study, the schoolroom instructors will discourse it once more with the ESOL instructors. All the stuffs that pupils got or learned in ESOL category were utile in their societal interaction and in making their undertakings, lessons and appraisals in their regular schoolroom. The subjects of the lesson in ESOL category followed the regular schoolroom course of study, so it is coherency between learning and the application. In Jakarta International School Pondok Indah Elementary all the ESOL instructors use assorted activities to better ESL pupils ‘ communicating accomplishments, but merely one ESOL instructor who was non making the same activities as the other ESOL instructors for all her categories. For beginner degree in ESOL 1, pupils merely faced reading and reading in all session at every meeting. Different from the other ESOL categories that are used assorted activities and stuffs in their instruction acquisition activities, these categories were more merriment than ESOL 1 category that the pupils felt deadening and did non enthusiast to travel to ESOL category and fall in the plan. All instructors promoted BICS and CALP betterment, but it can non be achieved with all ESOL instructors without working together with the schoolroom instructors. The mark learning accomplishments focal point for every instructor was besides different. Based on the category room observation, ESOL 1 instructor merely focused her learning larning on reading and talking accomplishments while the remainder focused on all accomplishments that are required more activities and stuffs in their instruction acquisition activities. Unfortunately, instructor who ever gives less assorted activities and stuffs does n't desire to open her head and repair her instruction scheme and attack. So at this clip, the ESOL plan ends can non successfully be achieved.5.2 RecommendationThe methods, schemes, attacks, stuffs and activities that are used in ESOL plan truly improved the ESL communicating accomplishments, and this is supported by the schoolroom instructors and the activities. It will ever be coherency because the ESOL course of study followed the regular schoolroom course of study. So that all the ESOL instructors have to use them in their instruction acquisition activities. The coaction between ESOL instructors and schoolroom instructors must be supported by the coaction among ESOL instructors. To accomplish the instruction mark, all instructors have to work together. The plan that are already applied and win for along clip, have to be supported. The ESOL instructor who did non use all the ESOL instruction methods, schemes and attacks have to repair her public presentation, so that the plan end of ESL pupils proficiency in BICS and CALP can successfully be achieved.